LOCATION ANDRUSIA MN
Established Series
Rev. PCB-ROP
02/2011
ANDRUSIA SERIES
The Andrusia series consists of very deep, well drained soils. They formed in sandy and gravelly sediments on glacial outwash plains, glacial lake beaches, and glacial stream terraces. Permeability is moderately rapid in the subsoil and rapid in the underlying material. Slopes range from 1 to 25 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 40 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 23 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Arenic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Andrusia loamy sand with a 4 percent slope under a stand of red pine and jack pine. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; very friable, about 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)
E1--3 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) sand, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; single grained; loose; about 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
E2--19 to 29 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the E horizons is 20 to 35 inches.)
Bt--29 to 39 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and common distinct clay bridging between sand grains; about 14 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (7 to 14 inches thick)
C1--39 to 50 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly sand; single grain; loose; about 25 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.
C2--50 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sand; single grain; loose; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Beltrami County, Minnesota; about 3 miles north and 1 mile west of Wilton; 800 feet west and 1000 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 18, T. 147 N., R. 34 W.; USGS Quadrangle Wilton, Minn.; Latitude 47 degrees 33 minutes 15 seconds N.; and Longitude 95 degrees 2 minutes 18 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to free carbonates ranges from 30 to 50 inches. The rock fragment content is typically 0 to 15 percent but ranges to 35 percent in the B and C horizons. The soil moisture control section is dry for 20 to 35 consecutive days in most years during the 120 days following the summer solstice.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy coarse sand. Some pedons have an Ap horizon. It has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 5. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. It is fine sand, sand, loamy sand, or coarse sand. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
The Bt horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4 to 6. The fine earth fraction is fine sandy loam, sandy loam or coarse sandy loam. Some pedons have subhorizons of sandy clay loam. It has 10 to 20 percent clay. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have Bk or BC horizons. When present, the Bk horizon has coatings of secondary carbonates on the underside of the rock fragments.
The C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 5 to 7, and chroma of 3 to 6. The fine earth fraction is fine sand, sand, coarse sand, gravelly sand, or gravelly coarse sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Braham,
Captom,
Cutaway,
Demontreville,
Escanaba,
Haskill,
Leaflake,
Pomroy, and
Redeye soils. The Braham, Cutaway, DeMontreville, Leaflake, Pomroy, and Redeye soils do not have sand or gravelly sand in the lower one-half of the series control section beneath the argillic horizon. The Escanaba soils have Bs horizons 8 to 22 inches thick above the argillic horizon. The Captom and Haskill soils have soil moisture control sections dry for more than 35 days during the 120 days following the summer solstice.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Andrusia soils have plane to slightly convex slopes on glacial outwash plains, glacial lake beaches, and glacial stream terraces. Slope gradients range from 1 to 25 percent. They formed in stratified sandy and gravelly sediments. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 42 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 20 to 24 inches. Frost-free days range from 80 to 120. Elevation above sea level ranges from 1000 to 1600.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Epoufette and the
Karlstad soils. Epoufette soils are poorly drained and are in depressions. Karlstad soils are moderately well drained and are in level areas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is low to moderately high. Permeability is moderately rapid in the subsoil and rapid in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is forested. The main tree species are red pine, jack pine, and paper birch. Some areas are used for pasture, hay, small grain production and a few for sunflower and potatoes.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Minnesota. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Beltrami County, Minnesota, 1991.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - zone from the surface of soil to a depth of 3 inches (A); argillic horizon - 29 to 39 inches (Bt); udic features; udic moisture regime; arenic subgroup - sandy mantle from surface to 29 inches. 2/10/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record number is MN0496.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.