LOCATION BATAVIA IL+WI
Established Series
Rev. JCD-KDH
01/2011
BATAVIA SERIES
The Batavia series consists of very deep, well drained soils on till plains, glacial outwash plains, and stream terraces. These formed in loess or other silty material and in loamy stratified outwash or sandy loam till. Slope ranges from 0 to 12 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 890 mm (35 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 8.3 degrees C (47 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Batavia silt loam on an east-facing, convex, 3 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 235 meters (770 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; weak medium and coarse granular structure; friable; many roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]
E--23 to 30 cm (9 to 12 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam; weak medium granular structure; firm; common roots; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on worm casts and surfaces along root channels; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]
BE--30 to 43 cm (12 to 17 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic stains on surfaces along root channels; common distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches) thick]
Bt1--43 to 64 cm (17 to 25 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate and strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; few distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; few distinct very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) and few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--64 to 76 cm (25 to 30 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate and strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; few faint light gray (10YR 7/2) dry, silt coatings on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--76 to 114 cm (30 to 45 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; few roots; many faint light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few fine faint very dark brown (10YR 2/2) masses of oxidized iron-manganese in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 38 to 114 cm (15 to 45 inches) thick]
2Bt4--114 to 127 cm (45 to 50 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; weak medium and coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few roots; few faint light gray (10YR 7/2) (dry) silt coatings on faces of peds; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few medium faint very dark brown (10YR 2/2) masses of oxidized iron-manganese in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [10 to 25 cm (4 to 10 inches) thick]
2C--127 to 152 cm (50 to 60 inches); stratified yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay loam, and brown (10YR 5/3) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam; massive; friable; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) and common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 2 percent subrounded gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Stephenson County, Illinois; about 1 mile south of Freeport; 57 feet south and 1,482 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 8, T. 26 N., R. 8 E. USGS Freeport East quadrangle; latitude 42 degrees, 16 minutes, 20 seconds N. and longitude 89 degrees, 36 minutes, 25 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of solum: 107 to 178 cm (42 to 70 inches)
Depth to carbonates: greater than 114 cm (45 inches)
Sand content in the upper 102 cm (40 inches): less than 10 percent
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay
Special features: the dominant clay mineral in the silty layer is smectite; in the till or outwash is illite.
A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Structure: commonly granular, but subangular blocky in some pedons
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral, depending upon liming treatment
E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
structure: granular or platy
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silty clay loam, but some subhorizons are silt loam.
Structure: angular, subangular blocky, or weak prismatic
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part, moderately acid to neutral in the lower part
Redoximorphic features: in the lower part of the B horizon in some pedons
2Bt and 2C horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam or loam and commonly contains strata of sandy clay loam, silt loam and clay loam
Redoximorphic features: with hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 2 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 6 in many pedons
Rock fragment: 0 to 10 percent gravels
Other features:
In some pedons a darker colored, more clayey layer (Beta) is just above the 2C horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Bowes,
Churchtown,
Deroin,
Downs,
Ella,
Festina,
Frankville,
Gladek,
Greenbush,
Harvard,
Hersey,
Knox,
Luana,
Mannon,
Massbach,
Mellott, Mt. Carroll,
Myrtle,
Nasset,
Newhouse,
Shelbyville,
Watkins,
Waubeek, and
Yutan soils. Bowes soils have more than 5 percent coarse materials and more than 90 percent sand in the lower 1/4 of the control section. Churchtown, Downs, Greenbush, Knox, Mannon, Mt. Carroll, and Yutan soils contain less than 10 percent sand in the lower 1/4 of the control section and formed in loess. Deroin soils have hue redder than 10YR in the Bt horizon. Ella, Festina, and Watkins soils contain less sand in the lower part of the sola and formed in alluvial materials. Frankville soils have a lithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Gladek soils formed in lacustrine sediments. Harvard, Mellott, and Waubeek soils have more than 10 percent sand within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Hersey and Myrtle soils contain less silt in the lower part of the B and C horizon. Luana soils have thinner sola. Massbach, Nasset, and Shelbyville soils average more than 35 percent clay in the lower part of the B horizon and have the lower part of the B horizon formed in residuum from limestone or shale. Newhouse soils contain strata and more sand above a depth of 102 cm (40 inches) and formed in a thinner mantle of loess.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Batavia soils are on loess covered sandy loam till plains, glacial outwash plains, or stream terraces. Slope gradients range from 0 to 12 percent. These soils formed in 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches) of loess or other silty material and in loamy stratified outwash or in sandy loam till. Summers are hot and winters are cold. The mean annual temperature ranges from 6.7 to 12.2 degrees C (44 to 54 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 890 to 1143 mm (35 to 45 inches), and frost free period ranges from 140 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Harvard,
Plano, St.
Charles,
Virgil, and
Drummer soils. Harvard, Plano, and St. Charles soils are on nearby similar landscapes. Virgil soils are generally less sloping and are somewhat poorly drained. Drummer soils are poorly drained soils on nearly level parts and in depressions of till plains and outwash plains and have a mollic epipedon.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is low on the gentle slopes and medium on the steeper slopes. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the solum and moderately high to very high (4.23 to 42.34 micrometers per second) in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderate or moderately rapid in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay are the major crops. Native vegetation is a mixture of prairie grasses and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Illinois, and southern Wisconsin. LRR's K and M, MLRAs 95B, 105, 108A, 108B, 110, and 115C. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kendall County, Illinois, 1941.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from a depth 0 to 43 cm (0 to 17 inches) (Ap, E and BE horizon)
Albic horizon ? from a depth of 23 to 30 cm (9 to 12 inches) (E horizon)
Argillic horizon - from a depth of 43 to 127 cm (17 to 50 inches) (Bt1, Bt, Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons)
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.