LOCATION BOOKER MO+IL INEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, smectitic, mesic Cumulic Vertic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Booker silty clay - in a cultivated field on a 1 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; very firm; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary; this horizon is composed of individual hard dry aggregates of soil that range in size from about 1 inch to about 1/4 inch in cross section that break down to the structure described above. The thickness of this horizon appears to reflect the depth of the last cultivation of the present crop.
Ap2--2 to 9 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; very firm; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ap horizon is 4 to 10 inches.)
AB--9 to 19 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; common fine roots; shiny ped surfaces and pressure faces; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 20 inches thick)
Bg1--19 to 28 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) clay, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; shiny ped surfaces and pressure faces; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation throughout; few fine black concretions (oxides); moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bg2--28 to 36 inches; very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) clay; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky and angular blocky structure; very firm; shiny ped surfaces and pressure faces; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation throughout; few fine black concretions (oxides); moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizons is 16 to 36 inches.)
Cg1--36 to 42 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) clay; few fine masses of very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2); massive; very firm; few fine black concretions (oxides); slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Cg2--42 to 60 inches; gray (5Y 5/1) clay; few fine and medium masses of very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2); massive; very firm; few fine black concretions (oxides); slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Ray County, Missouri; about 2 miles west of Hardin; 120 feet south and 150 feet west of northeast corner, Sec. 36, T. 52 N., R. 27 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The average clay content of the 10 to 40 inch series control section ranges from 60 percent to about 75 percent. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The Ap and AB horizons have hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, 4 or 5 dry; and chroma of 0 to 2. Texture is clay or silty clay and in some places, silty clay loam.
The Bg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 2 to 4 in the upper part and 4 or 5 in the lower part and chroma of 2 or less. Iron masses have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 to 8. Some pedons have thin horizons of coarser textured material.
The Cg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y or is neutral, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 or less. It is clay or silty clay.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Carson and Portage series. Carson soils formed in a drier climate, are moderately alkaline to very strongly alkaline, and contain nests of gypsum crystals. Portage soils are strongly or very strongly acid in the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Booker soils are on flood plains along major rivers or glacial lake plains. Slope gradients commonly are 0 to 1 percent, but range to 2 percent. These soils formed in thick clayey alluvium or clayey lacustrine deposits. Mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 57 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 42 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Aholt, Blake, Bremer, Norborne, and Waldron soils. The Aholt soils are calcareous and occur on similar landscapes. Blake soils are fine-silty and occur on slightly higher landscape positions. Bremer soils are on slightly higher landscape positions and average less than 60 percent clay in the particle size control section. Norborne soils are less clayey and occur on slightly higher positions. Waldron soils occur on flood plains and average less clay in the particle size control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Poorly and very poorly drained. Permeability is very slow. Runoff is very slow or ponded. In most years, an apparent water table has an upper limit of +0.5 to 1.0 foot where very poorly drained from November to July, and 0.0 to 1.0 foot where poorly drained from November to June.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped to wheat, soybeans, corn, and pasture. Native vegetation is willow, cottonwood, and marsh grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lafayette County, Missouri, 1970.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this series are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 36 inches (Ap1, Ap2, AB, Bg1, and Bg2 horizons).