LOCATION CANISTEO                MN+IA IL SD

Established Series
Rev. AGG-TCJ
06/2015

CANISTEO SERIES

The Canisteo series consists of very deep, poorly and very poorly drained soils that formed in calcareous, loamy till or in a thin mantle of loamy or silty sediments and the underlying calcareous, loamy till. These soils are on rims of depressions, depressions and flats on moraines or till plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean air annual temperature is about 9 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 785 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Typic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Canisteo clay loam, on a nearly level to slightly convex slope, on a ground moraine, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 25 centimeters inches; black (N 2/0) clay loam, very dark gray (N 3/0) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--25 to 46 centimeters; very dark gray (N 3/0) clay loam, dark gray (N 4/0) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; about 2 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg1--46 to 61 centimeters; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few light gray (2.5Y 7/2) calcium carbonates on faces of peds; few fine prominent olive (5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bkg2--61 to 99 centimeters; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few light gray (2.5Y 7/2) calcium carbonates on faces of peds; common fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg1--99 to 165 centimeters; gray (5Y 6/1) loam; massive; friable; common medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) iron concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Cg2--165 to 203 centimeters; gray (5Y 6/1) loam; massive; friable; few dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concretions in pores; many medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) iron concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Waseca County, Minnesota subset; about 4.5 miles south and 3 miles west of Waseca; located about 1,800 feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of section 22, T. 108 N., R. 22 W.; USGS Morristown quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 8 minutes 52 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 26 minutes 50 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
mollic epipedon thickness--25 to 60 centimeters
depth to carbonates--0 to 50 centimeters
Clay content in particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 35 percent
Sand content in particle-size control section (weighted average)--25 to 55
percent

Ap and A horizon:
Hue--10YR or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 or 1
Texture--clay loam, loam, silty clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--18 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 8 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 15 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--18 to 60 centimeters

Bg horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--clay loam, loam, silty clay loam. silt loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--18 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 8 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--10 to 15 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--0 to 60 centimeters

Bkg horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--clay loam, loam, silty clay loam. silt loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--18 to 35 percent
Sand content--18 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 8 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--15 to 25 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--0 to 60 centimeters

BC or Cg (when present):
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--4 to 5
Chroma--1 to 4
Texture--clay loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--12 to 30 percent
Sand content--18 to 55 percent, poorly sorted
Rock fragment content--2 to 8 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--15 to 25 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4

Some pedons have a 2BCg horizon with texture of clay loam and a moist bulk density of 1.60 to 1.80 g/cc (firm till)

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Hetz, Hooppole, Jeffers, Kish, and Tilfer series.
Hetz--have a calcium carbonate equivalent range of 0 to 5 percent throughout the series control section
Hooppole--have a sand content of 75 to 95 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Jeffers--have an average content of gypsum thast ranges from 2 to 5 percent in the particle size control section
Kish--have a sand content that is well sorted in the lower third of the series control section
Tilfer--have a lithic contact with limestone bedrock within a depth of 100 centimeters

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--calcareous, loamy till or a thin mantle of loamy or silty sediments and the underlying calcareous, loamy till
Landform--rims of depressions, depressions and flats on moraines or till plains
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--200 to 575 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 990 millimeters
Frost free period--155 to 210 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Clarion, Glencoe, Harps, Nicollet, and Okoboji soils.
Clarion--are on higher landscape positions on convex slopes and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 1.2 to 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean annual precipitation
Glencoe and Okoboji--are on lower landscape positions in depressions and have a mollic epipedon greater than 60 centimeters thick
Harps--are on rims of depressions and are violently effervescent in the upper third of the series control section
Nicollet--are on higher landscape positions on flat and rises and do not have carbonates in the upper third of the series control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained and very poorly drained--in an undrained condition, a frequently saturated zone occurs at the surface to a depth of 0.3 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second and 0.10 to 1.00 micrometers per second in the firm till, when present

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are artificially drained and cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. Reed canarygrass commonly dominates partially drained pasture. Native vegetation is predominantly wet-site tall prairie species such as prairie cordgrass, switchgrass, big bluestem, wooly sedge, giant goldenrod and Canada goldenrod. The native vegetation on very poorly drained ponded phases is herbaceous marsh species tolerant of excessive wetness such as, cattails, bulrushes, giant burreed, giant reed grass and hydrophytic sedges.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section and Till Plains
MLRAs--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103), Till Plains (102B), and Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift, East-Central Part (108B)
LRR M; north-central Iowa, south-central Minnesota, southeastern South Dakota, and west-central Illinois
Extent--large

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dodge County, Minnesota, 1959.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 46 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 46 to 99 centimeters (Bkg1 and Bkg2 horizons);
calcareous family--carbonates in all parts between depths of 25 and 50 centimeters;
aquic moisture regime.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

The concepts of moderately fine and moderately coarse substratum phases were established by the MLRA-103 steering committee based on an analysis of particle-size data from Iowa and Minnesota. The Des Moines Lobe till generally gets sandier and has less clay as one progresses south along the path of the Des Moines advance. 1/20/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected. 2/2014 - USE AND VEGETATION updated.

Taxonomy versionKeys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.