LOCATION CLALLAM WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, mesic Oxyaquic Vitrandic Haploxerepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Clallam gravelly ashy sandy loam - forested. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs.
Oe--1 to 2 inches; moderately decomposed needles, leaves, and twigs.
A--2 to 3 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly ashy sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine and very fine granular structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; many fine and very fine irregular and tubular pores; 15 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly ashy sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine and common medium roots; many fine and very fine irregular and tubular pores; 20 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 14 inches thick)
Bw2--12 to 30 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly ashy sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2); common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations, very pale brown (10YR 7/4) dry; weak fine and very fine subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine, and few medium roots; many very fine irregular and common very fine tubular pores; 35 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear wavy boundary. (7 to 18 inches thick)
Cd1--30 to 39 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dense glacial till that crushed to very gravelly sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redox concentrations, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) dry; massive; very hard, very firm, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine irregular and common very fine tubular pores; 30 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear wavy boundary. (7 to 19 inches thick)
Cd2--39 to 62 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) dense glacial till that crushes to very gravelly loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; massive; very hard, very firm, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine irregular pores; 30 percent gravel and 10 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0).
TYPE LOCATION: Clallam County, Washington; 4,000 feet south and 600 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 24, T. 30 N., R. 5 W. Willamette Meridian.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to densic contact - 20 to 40 inches
Moisture control section - dry 60 to 90 days following the summer solstice
Average annual soil temperature - 49 to 51 degrees F.
Reaction - strongly acid to slightly acid
A horizon -
Value - 3 or 4 moist, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma - 2 to 3 moist and dry
Texture - ashy-SL, ashy-L
Clay content - 3 to 18 percent
Rock fragments - 15 to 35 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, 15 to 35 percent total
Some pedons have an E horizon
Bw horizons -
Hue - 7.5YR to 2.5 Y
Value - 3 to 5 moist, 4 to 7 dry
Chroma - 3 or 4 moist, 2 to 4 dry
Texture - ashy-SL, ashy-L
Clay content - 3 to 18 percent
Rock fragments - 15 to 50 percent gravel, 5 to 20 percent cobbles, 35 to 60 percent total
Some pedons have a C horizon
Cd horizons -
Hue - 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value - 5 or 6 moist, 4 to 7 dry
Chroma - 2 or 3 moist and dry
Texture - SL, L, FSL
Clay content - 5 to 25 percent
Rock fragments - 15 to 50 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 15 to 60 percent total
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dehart, Macreeing, Mcguire, Olete, Stutler, and Tukey series. Dehart, Mcguire, and Stutler soils are more than 40 inches deep. Macreeing and Olete soils have a lithic contact at 20 to 60 inches. Tukey soils average 20 to 30 percent clay in the particle size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Clallam soils are on glaciated hills at elevations of 25 to 1,800 feet. Slopes are 0 to 30 percent. Clallam soils formed in glacial till over very compact dense glacial till. The soils are in a mild marine climate and have cool, dry summers and cool, moist winters. Average annual precipitation is 16 to 30 inches. Average January temperature is about 37 degrees F, average July temperature is about 59 degrees F, and the mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F. Frost-free season is 160 to 220 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Agnew, Bellingham, Catla, Elwha, Hoypus, McKenna, Yeary, and Louella soils. Agnew soils have an argillic horizon and are somewhat poorly drained. Bellingham soils have an aquic moisture regime and a fine particle-size class. Catla soils are loamy and have a densic contact at 10 to 20 inches. Elwha soils are coarse-loamy. Hoypus soils are sandy-skeletal. Louella soils are coarse-loamy and have a mollic epipedon. McKenna soils have an aquic moisture regime. Yeary soils are fine-loamy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained; moderately rapid permeability above the very compact glacial till (A and Bw horizons) and very slow permeability in the very compact glacial till (Cd horizons).
USE AND VEGETATION: Timber production and wildlife are the principal uses. Some areas are used for cropland and pasture. Native vegetation is predominantly Douglas-fir with some western hemlock, grand fir, western redcedar, red alder, and Pacific madrone. Understory species include salal, evergreen huckleberry, red huckleberry, Oregongrape, creambush oceanspray, longtube twinflower, rose, blackberry, western swordfern, and western brackenfern. Principal crops are alfalfa and grass hay, barley, oats, strawberries, raspberries, and pasture.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Olympic Peninsula and Puget Sound Valleys, Washington; MLRA 2. This series is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Western part of Puget Sound Basin, Washington, Reconnaissance Soil Survey, 1910
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features
Ochric epipedon - from 2 to 3 inches
Cambic horizon - from 3 to 30 inches
Densic material - from 30 to 62 inches
Particle size control section - 10 to 30 inches (Bw horizons)
Additional data needed for base saturation and volcanic ash influence to distinguish Clallam series and Whidbey series.
ADDITIONAL DATA: National Soil Survey Laboratory, Sample numbers--S77WA 9-2-2, S77WA 9-2-3, S77WA 9-2-4, S77WA 9-2-5.