LOCATION CRIPPIN IA+MN
Established Series
Rev. RGJ-GWS
05/2016
CRIPPIN SERIES
The Crippin series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, moderately permeable, calcareous soils formed in glacial till on uplands. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 47 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 29 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Pachic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Crippin loam, on a low convex ridge of 2 percent slope, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; black (N 2/0) loam; cloddy parting to moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--7 to 11 inches; black (N 2/0) loam; moderate fine granular and some weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
A2--11 to 16 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loam; moderate fine granular and some weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 12 to 23 inches.)
BA--16 to 20 inches; mixed black (10YR 2/1), very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; kneaded very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
Bw1--20 to 27 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) with about 20 percent very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam, kneaded dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2); few fine faint brown (10YR 5/3) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Bw2--27 to 35 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; common fine distinct reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; some mixing of light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) in lower part; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 8 to 19 inches.)
C--35 to 60 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) mottles; common fine distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) and light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) mottles; massive; friable; common fine yellowish red and strong brown concretions (oxides); strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Palo Alto County, Iowa; about 6 miles north and 1 mile east of Emmetsburg; about 44 feet south and 2,000 feet east of the northwest corner of section 21, T. 97 N., R. 32 W.; USGS Graettinger East quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 12 minutes 44 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 37 minutes 55 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness typically is 30 to 36 inches but ranges from 20 to 48 inches. The solum is typically slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the A horizon and the upper part of the B horizon and moderately alkaline in the lower part of the B horizon and C horizons. However, the range includes those soils that are neutral to a depth of about 10 inches. The upper part of the 10 to 40 inch control section has less than 30 percent clay. The calcium carbonate equivalent in the 10 to 40 inch control section is about 5 to 20 percent. The weighted average of the 10 to 40 inch control section is 23 to 29 percent clay.
The A or Ap horizon is typically black (N 2/0) or (10YR 2/1) but ranges to very dark gray (10YR 3/1). The AB horizon ranges from black (10YR 2/1) to very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2). The A horizon typically is loam but ranges to clay loam.
The Bw horizon typically is dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) or (2.5Y 4/2), but the BA horizon ranges from black (10YR 2/1) to very dark gray (10YR 3/1), very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), or dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2). Some pedons that have mottles in the upper part of the Bw horizon have chroma of 3 and hue of 10YR or 2.5Y in the same subhorizons. In some pedons the lower part of the Bw horizon and the BC horizon range to include value of 5 and chroma of 2 to 4. Typically all but the upper part of the B horizon has few to common and faint to prominent mottles. In many pedons there are a few strong brown to reddish brown or black concretions which are assumed to be iron and manganese oxides. The Bw horizon is typically loam, but in some pedons it is clay loam. In some pedons there is a Bk horizon with secondary calcium carbonate accumulations underlying the Bw horizon.
The C horizon typically has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, but some pedons have 5Y hue, value is 4 or 5, and chroma is 2 to 4. Faint to prominent mottles of fine strong brown to reddish brown or black oxide concretions, and accumulations of segregated carbonates are common. It is loam or clay loam.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arkton,
Floyd,
Fostoria,
Kensett,
Merton,
Nicollet,
Ottosen,
Readlyn,
Snider,
Stabbart and
Wilmonton series. None of these soils are calcareous in all parts of the control section. In addition, Arkton soils have more than 30 percent clay in the upper part of the particle size control section and have a weighted average of 28 to 43 percent clay in the control section. Kensett soils have a lithic contact with limestone at depths of 24 and 40 inches. Readlyn soils have a stone line and have firm consistence in the lower part of the B horizon. Snider soils contain less than 23 percent clay in the upper part of the control section. Stabbart soils are drier in the soil moisture control section during the 120 days following summer solstice. Wilmonton soils have firm consistence in the lower part of the control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Crippin soils primarily are on ground moraines with low relief. Slopes are slightly convex or plane and have gradients of 0 to 3 percent. Crippin soils formed in friable, calcareous, loam or clay loam till thought to be of late Wisconsin Age. Mean annual temperature is 45 to 50 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is 26 to 32 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Clarion,
Canisteo,
Harps,
Nicollet,
Okoboji, and
Webster soils. Clarion soils are on slopes with gradients over 3 percent and are better drained. Canisteo and Webster soils are on broad, poorly drained level areas. Harps soils are slightly lower in elevation and surround soils in the very poorly drained depressions. They are higher in calcium carbonate content. Nicollet soils are on the same slopes, often adjacent to Crippin soils, but generally somewhat higher in elevation. Okoboji soils are in very poorly drained depressions.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cultivated to corn and soybeans. Native vegetation was tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Iowa and south-central Minnesota. The series is not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Palo Alto County, Iowa, 1973.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon: mollic epipedon - zone from the surface to 20 inches (Ap, A1, A2, BA horizons); cambic horizon - zone from 20 to 35 inches (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.