LOCATION DANNEMORA NY
Established Series
Rev. MGC-WEH-ANL
05/2013
DANNEMORA SERIES
Dannemora soils are very deep, poorly drained soils formed in loamy till. They are in low areas on till plains and between drumlins. They have a fragipan. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in the mineral material is moderately high to high above the fragipan and low through moderately high in the fragipan and substratum. Slope ranges from 0 through 8 percent. Mean annual temperature is 6 degrees C. and mean annual precipitation is 1476 mm.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Aeric Fragiaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Dannemora silt loam, on a 4 percent slope under a mixed forest. (Colors refer to moist soil.)
Oa -- 0 to 8 cm; black (10YR 2/1) sapric material; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; common very fine and very coarse and many medium and fine roots; extremely acid (pH 4.0) in 1:2 calcium chloride; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 18 cm thick.)
Eg -- 8 to 11 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very few very fine roots; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix; 10 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick.)
Bg1 -- 11 to 22 cm; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam; 1 percent coarse prominent irregular strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; very few very fine roots; few continuous distinct faint black (10YR 2/1) organic stains on surfaces of pores; common medium distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) masses of reduced iron in matrix and common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix; 7 percent channers and 5 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear wavy boundary.
Bg2 -- 22 to 47 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly silt loam; 1 percent coarse faint irregular dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; very few very fine roots; few continuous faint black (10YR 2/1) organic stains on surfaces along pores; common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of reduced iron in matrix and common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix; 7 percent channers, 10 percent gravel, and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.9); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizons ranges from 10 to 40 cm.)
Bx -- 47 to 76 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/3) very gravelly fine sandy loam; weak extremely coarse prismatic structure; firm; very few fine roots between peds; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron on faces of peds, many very coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) masses of reduced iron between peds and common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in matrix; 50 percent gravel and 7 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.7); abrupt wavy boundary. (15 to 90 cm thick.)
C1 -- 76 to 112 cm; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly loamy fine sand; massive; very friable; common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in matrix; 50 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9); abrupt wavy boundary.
C2 -- 112 to 148 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy fine sand; massive; very friable; 25 percent gravel and 7 percent cobbles; neutral (pH 6.9).
TYPE LOCATION: Lewis County, New York; Town of Osceola, It is along a logging trail off Camp Four Road about 2 miles south of intersection with Michigan Mills Road. 0.5 miles west on logging trail; USGS North Osceola, NY topographic quadrangle, Latitude 43 degrees, 34 minutes, 32.4 seconds N. and Longitude 75 degrees, 37 minutes, 48.3 seconds W. NAD 1983.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 45 to 150 centimeters. Depth to bedrock is greater than 152 centimeters. Depth to the top of the fragipan ranges from 30 to 55 centimeters. Rock fragment content ranges from 1 to 40 percent, by volume, in the mineral solum above the fragipan and from 20 to 70 percent in the fragipan and substratum. Rock fragments are dominantly gravel and channers, but also include some cobbles and stones.
O horizons, where present, are composed of fibric, hemic, or sapric material. Reaction ranges from ultra acid to moderately acid.
Some pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 2 through 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. In uncultivated areas, A horizons may be present and have colors similar to the Ap horizon, except chroma ranges from 0 through 2. Texture ranges from silt loam through sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges from extremely acid through slightly acid.
The Eg horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6 and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is silt loam through sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is subangular blocky or platy, or the material is massive. Reaction ranges from extremely acid through slightly acid. In some pedons, the E horizon is replaced by a B or BE horizon in part or in total.
The Bg horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 1 or 2. Texture is similar to the E horizon. Structure is subangular blocky, or the horizon is massive. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to slightly acid.
The Bx horizon has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5 and chroma of 2 or more. Texture ranges from silt loam through sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through neutral. Some pedons have a 2Bx horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture ranges from loam to loamy fine sand in the fine-earth fraction. It is massive and may have plate-like divisions. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid through neutral. Some pedons have a 2C horizon.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
Similar soils in related families are the
Erie,
Camroden,
Dalton,
Marcy,
Morris,
Norchip,
Ontusia,
Rexford,
Scriba,
Shohola,
Trussel,
Volusia,
Wallington, and
Wiscoy series. The Camroden, Dalton, Erie, Marcy, Norchip, Ontusia, Shohola, Trussel, Volusia, Wallington, and Wiscoy soils have a different textural class. Dalton, Erie, Morris, Rexford, Scriba, Shohola, Volusia, Wallington, and Wiscoy soils are mesic. Marcy soils do not allow a chroma of greater than 2 between 15 and 75 cm of the mineral surface. Trussel soils are semiactive.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dannemora soils developed in till derived principally from sedimentary material, and some crystalline eratics. Slope ranges from 0 through 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 through 1727 mm, mean annual temperature ranges from 1 through 11 degrees C, and the frost-free season ranges from 90 through 140 days. Elevation ranges from 45 through 610 meters above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Adams,
Colton,
Croghan,
Duane,
Empeyville,
Fishcreek (T),
Highmarket (T),
Naumburg,
Swancott (T),
Tughill,
Westbury, and
Worth soils. Adams, Croghan, Fishcreek (T), and Naumburg soils developed in nearby sandy deltaic deposits. Colton, Duane, and Swancott (T) soils developed in gravelly glacial outwash. Well drained Worth, moderately well drained Empeyville, somewhat poorly drained Westbury, and very poorly drained Tughill soils are drainage associates of Dannemora soils. Highmarket (T) soils are well drained and do not have a fragipan. Tughill soils do not have a fragipan.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low through very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity in the mineral material is moderately high or high above the fragipan and low through moderately high in the fragipan and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Some areas that are drained are used for hay and pasture. Wooded areas support red maple, elm, ash, fir, hemlock, spruce, and white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern New York. MLRA 141 and 142. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Orange County, New York, 1954.
REMARKS: 1. This series was previously classified as Typic Fragiaquepts, but field data (colors and redoximorphic features) suggest it is Aeric.
2. Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in the typical pedon are:
Ochric Epipedon - the zone from the surface through 18 cm (Oa, Eg, and part of Bg1 horizon).
Cambic horizon - the zone from 11 through 47 cm (part of Bg1 and Bg2 horizon).
Fragipan - the zone from a depth of 47 through 76 cm (Bx horizon).
Aquepts - as evidenced low chroma matrix colors and redoximorphic features within a depth of 50 cm from the mineral surface (Eg and Bg horizons).
Aeric subgroup - as evidenced by the matrix color at 47 cm (Bx horizon)
ADDITIONAL DATA: OSD Pedon, ID #10NY049022
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.