LOCATION DETROIT KS+NE

Established Series
Rev. CEW,JGA,DJK
07/2020

DETROIT SERIES

The Detroit series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in alluvium. Detroit soils are on stream terraces on river valleys of the Central Kansas Sandstone Hills, MLRA 74. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 700 millimeters (28 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Pachic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Detroit silty clay loam, on a 0 percent slope in cropland at an elevation of 369 meters (1210 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.) As described on July 1, 1979.

Ap--0 to 17 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

AB--17 to 37 centimeters (7 to 14 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the A horizon is 23 to 46 centimeters (9 to 18 inches))

Bt1--37 to 58 centimeters (14 to 23 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--58 to 81 centimeters (23 to 32 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; common faint clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--81 to 96 centimeters (32 to 38 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; very sticky and very plastic; few very fine roots; few fine faint clay films; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt is 33 to 76 centimeters (13 to 30 inches.))

BC--96 to 117 centimeters (38 to 46 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of oxidized iron; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable; sticky and plastic; common fine accumulations of very dark brown oxides; few fine carbonate masses below 100 centimeters (39 inches); slight effervescence; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 38 centimeters (0 to 15 inches thick))

C1--117 to 135 centimeters (46 to 53 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of oxidized iron; massive; slightly hard, very friable; slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine accumulations of very dark brown oxides; few fine carbonate masses; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

C2--135 to 200 centimeters (53 to 79 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) irregularly shaped masses of oxidized iron; massive; slightly hard, friable; sticky and plastic; a few strata of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) material; common fine carbonate concretions; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Saline County, Kansas; about 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) north and 3.2 kilometers (2 miles) east of Salina Post Office (downtown); 30 meters (100 feet) east and 49 meters (160 feet) south of the northwest corner of sec. 5, T. 14 S., R. 2 W. USGS Salina, Kansas topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 52 minutes 12.5 seconds N and long. 97 degrees 34 minutes 31.3 seconds W, WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic bordering on udic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F)
Depth to secondary carbonates: greater than 65 centimeters (26 inches)
Depth to redoximorphic features: greater than 65 centimeters (26 inches)
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 50 to 125 centimeters (20 to 49 inches)
Particle size control section (weighted average) clay: 35 to 45 percent
Particle size control section (weighted average) sand: 0 to 15 percent

Ap horizon: (or A horizon)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Sand content: 0 to 20 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

AB horizon: (or BA horizon)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 39 percent
Sand content: 0 to 15 percent
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Sand content: 0 to 15 percent
Reaction slightly acid to slightly alkaline

BC and C horizons: (or Bk horizon)
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 39 percent
Sand content: 0 to 20 percent
Redoximorphic features: masses of oxidized iron and iron-manganese concretions or masses are common
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Lane, Onita, Pinespring, Rago, Smolan, and Sponiker series.

Lane soils have free carbonates occurring within 65 centimeters (25 inches).
Onita soils have less than 11 degrees C (53 degrees F) mean annual soil temperature.
Pinespring soils average greater than 40 percent sand in the series control section.
Rago and Sponiker soils occur in an ustic bordering on aridic moisture regime.
Smolan soils have 5YR hue in the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium
Landform: stream terraces on river valleys
Slopes: 0 to 2 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C (52 to 55 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 570 to 850 millimeters (22 to 33 inches)
Precipitation pattern: precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 160 to 210 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Muir, New Cambria, and Sutphen soils.
Muir soils occur on similar landform positions and have less than 35 percent clay in the particle size control section.
New Cambria soils occur on similar landform positions and do not have an increase in illuvial clay (do not have an argillic horizon).
Sutphen soils are on slightly lower landform positions and do not have an increase in illuvial clay (do not have an argillic horizon).

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: moderately well
Runoff: low or medium
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately low
Flooding: very rare to none

USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the soils are cultivated. Principal crops are wheat, alfalfa, and sorghums. Native vegetation was tall grasses with some deciduous trees.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Kansas and southern and central Nebraska. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 71 Central Nebraska Loess Hills, MLRA 73 Rolling Plains and Breaks, MLRA 74 Central Kansas Sandstone Hills and MLRA 75 Central Loess Plains. The series is extensive, slightly more than 100,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Saline County, Kansas, 1952.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon-0 to 96 centimeters (0 to 38 inches) (Ap, AB, Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons
argillic horizon-37 to 96 centimeters (14 to 38 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)

Keys to soil Taxonomy: Twelfth edition, 2014

OSD Modification RRZ 6/2002: changed the depth of CaCo3 to 80 inches.

10/3/02 PRF
Modified position to reflect stream terrace as the dominant position. Allowed it to occur on upland. Corrected runoff to match SSM Table 3-10.

7/11 JGA
Updated format of the OSD, added metric conversions, and added saturated hydraulic conductivity. Added type location description date. Updated terminology of iron accumulation to masses of oxidized iron. Added quadrangle, latitude, and longitude from the description. Updated soil moisture regime to ustic bordering on udic. Added soil temp regime and mean annual soil temp. Lowered depth to secondary carbonates to 65 centimeters based on field data and to fix an overlap with a competing series. Added clay and sand content and particle control section. Added clay and sand content to horizons in range and characteristics. Changed format of geographic setting to tabular. Lowered mean annual sir temp to 11 degrees C and increased mean annual precipitation to 850 millimeters based on climate data. Changed permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity. Updated competing series, geographically associated soils, remarks, and additional data sections. Added keys to soil taxonomy edition. Changed precipitation values from centimeters to millimeters.

10/2014 DJK
Updated lat/long of type location using legal description to put it in the right section. Added AB ranges to RIC. Added moderately acid for range of Ap. Added value of 4 for moist color and slightly acid for reaction to Bt. Added redox and CCE to BC and C range. Deleted Crete from competing series. Changed low MAP from 20" to 22". Added precipitation pattern. Changed runoff to fit SSM table 3-10 for moderately low Ksat on 0 to 2 percent slopes.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Physical and chemical data for this pedon are available from the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska pedon: 79KS169001 (sample numbers 79P1679-79P1686). Additional KSSL data for pedons: 53KS141001, 53KS141002, 87KS169001, and S2001KS027011.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.