LOCATION DUDA SD+NEEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Ustipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Duda loamy fine sand - on a plane west-facing slope of 2 percent in native grass. When described the soil was moist to 25 inches. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loamy fine sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak medium and coarse granular structure parting to single grain; soft, very friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
AC--8 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy fine sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; soft, very friable; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
C--14 to 25 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Cr--25 to 80 inches; white (10YR 8/1) sandstone, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; light gray (10YR 7/2) loamy fine sand, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist in cracks, joints, and cleavages; fine earth is single grain and loose; sandstone can be dug with a spade with difficulty; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Todd County, South Dakota; about 5 miles west and 6 miles south of Mission; 1,100 feet south, 1,200 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 4, T. 37 N., R. 29 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum ranges from 12 to 24 inches and the depth to sandstone bedrock typically is about 25 inches, but ranges from 20 to 40 inches. Carbonates are leached to the bedrock. Small sandstone fragments are throughout some pedons.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and 2 or 3 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam. It is slightly acid or neutral. Some pedons have light colored fine sand surface horizons where winnowing has removed the fines and organic matter.
The AC horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is loamy fine sand or loamy sand and is slightly acid or neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and 4 to 6 moist, and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine sand and ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline. The C horizon contains 2 to 15 percent by volume sandstone fragments; however, the boundary between the C and Cr horizons typically is clear or abrupt.
The Cr horizon typically is moderately cemented sandstone; however, in some pedons it is weakly cemented with few, moderately cemented or strongly cemented sandstone fragments. The sandstone is not always continuous in respect to depth, and loose sand underlies the sandstone in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the McKelvie, Royosa, Simeon, Tonalea, and Valentine series in the same family. McKelvie, Royosa, Simeon, and Valentine soils do not have bedrock within depths of 40 inches. Tonalea soils are drier in the soil moisture control section for longer periods during the growing season.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Duda soils are nearly level to strongly sloping or rolling on uplands with slope gradients of 0 to 30 percent. They formed in eolian sandy materials underlain by calcareous sandstone. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 15 to 23 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 52 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Valentine soils and the Anselmo, Doger, Dunday, Holt, Ronson, Tassel, and Vetal soils. Valentine soils typically are on higher convex landscapes. Anselmo, Doger, and Dunday soils do not have bedrock within depths of 40 inches, have mollic epipedons, and are on similar landscapes. Holt and Ronson soils are coarse-loamy, and are on nearly level and gently undulating tablelands. Tassel soils have loamy textures and sandstone bedrock at shallow depths and are on crests and shoulders within the landscape. Vetal soils have mollic epipedons, are coarse-loamy, and are in upland swales.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained. Runoff is low. Permeability is moderately rapid or rapid above the bedrock.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly used for native rangeland. Prairie sandreed, sand bluestem, little bluestem, needleandthread, blue grama, and sand dropseed are the major native grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central South Dakota and north-central Nebraska. It is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Todd County, South Dakota, 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 8 inches (A horizon).