LOCATION DUTCHMAN AZEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, gypsic, mesic Typic Calcigypsids
TYPICAL PEDON: Dutchman fine sandy loam - rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 2 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) fine sandy loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine, very fine, and few medium roots; many very fine vesicular, and common fine and very fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent, 16 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 2 inches thick)
Bk1--2 to 7 inches; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) fine sandy loam, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine, very fine, and few medium roots; common fine and very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent, few fine irregular soft calcium carbonate masses, 23 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bk2--7 to 11 inches; pink (7.5YR 7/4) sandy loam, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine and very fine roots; common fine and very fine tubular and interstitial pores; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent, common fine irregular soft calcium carbonate masses, 32 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 8 inches thick)
Bk3--11 to 20 inches; pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) sandy loam, pink (7.5YR 8/4) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, sticky and nonplastic; few fine and very fine roots; common fine interstitial and few fine and very fine tubular pores; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent, peds engulfed with calcium carbonate, 40 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 15 inches thick)
2By1--20 to 33 inches; white (N 8/) sandy loam, pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) moist; massive; very hard, firm, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; few fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; 70 percent weakly cemented gypsum; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 40 inches thick)
2By2--33 to 60 inches; pink (7.5YR 8/4) sandy loam, pink (7.5YR 7/4) moist; massive; hard, friable, nonsticky and plastic; few very fine roots; common fine irregular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; 35 percent crystalline gypsum; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Mohave County, Arizona; about 22.5 miles south of the Arizona - Utah state line; west of the Hurricane Cliffs; 700 feet south and 125 feet west of the northeast corner of section 29, T.28 N., R.9 W; Latitude 36 degrees 40 minutes 16 seconds N, Longitude 113 degrees 16 minutes 38 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Intermittently moist in some part of the soil moisture control section during July - September and December - February. Driest during May and June. Typic aridic soil moisture regime.
Soil Temperature: 55 to 59 degrees F.
Percent gypsum x centimeters thickness = greater than 3000
Percent gypsum plus calcium carbonate = greater than 40 percent
Rock Fragments: averages less than 15 percent gravel in the control section
Organic Matter: less than 1 percent in the surface horizon
Depth to Calcic horizon: 2 to 8 inches
Depth to Gypsic horizon: 15 to 25 inches
A horizon
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 4 through 6, dry or moist
Rock fragments: less than 35 percent gravel
Bk horizon
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 8 moist
Chroma: 2 through 6, dry or moist
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loam (5 to 20 percent clay)
Reaction: moderately or strongly alkaline
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 40 percent
By horizon
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 5 through 8 moist
Chroma: 0 through 6, dry or moist
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam (5 to 15 percent clay)
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 20 percent
Gypsum: 20 to 90 percent (some pedons are weakly cemented)
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Mussentuchit (UT) series. Mussentuchit soils are moderately deep to shale.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Dutchman soils are on fan terraces and have slopes of 1 to 5 percent. These soils formed in mixed alluvium derived from sedimentary formations high in gypsum. Elevation ranges from 4000 to 5000 feet. Mean annual precipitation is 7 to 11 inches. The mean annual air temperature is 53 to 57 degrees F. The frost-free period is 165 to 180 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Delp and the competing McCullen series. Delp soils have an argillic horizon and do not have both a calcic and a gypsic horizon above forty inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to medium runoff; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Dutchman soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is black grama, blue grama, galleta, bush muhly, fluffgrass, Mormon-tea, fourwing saltbush, bottlebrush squirreltail, gyp dropseed, and trumpetbush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Arizona. This series is of small extent. MLRA 35.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mohave County, Arizona; Soil survey of Shivwits Area, Arizona, Part of Mohave County; 1996.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The zone from 0 to 2 inches (A horizon)
Calcic horizon - The zone from 2 to 20 inches (Bk1, Bk2, Bk3 horizons)
Gypsic horizon - The zone from 20 to 60 inches (2By1, 2By2 horizons)