LOCATION EVELETH MN
Established Series
Rev. JAS-CWT-AGG
02/2011
EVELETH SERIES
The Eveleth series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in a mantle of loamy material and underlying dense glacial till. They are on till plains and till-mantled bedrock uplands. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is slow or very slow. Slopes range from 8 to 45 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 38 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Typic Dystrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Eveleth stony loam on a convex slope of 8 percent in a clear-cut forest. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 3 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) stony loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine roots; 5 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
Bw1--3 to 8 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) stony loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium roots; 5 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles, 10 percent stones; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--8 to 18 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common medium roots; 25 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 8 to 28 inches).
2BC--18 to 36 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very gravelly sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few medium roots; 35 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 22 inches thick).
2Cd1--36 to 64 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very cobbly loamy coarse sand; massive; firm; few 2-4 millimeter wide vertical fractures; 30 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Cd2--64 to 80 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very gravelly loamy coarse sand; massive; firm; few 2-4 millimeter wide vertical fractures; 40 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Louis County, Minnesota; about 5 miles north of Biwabik; about 300 feet south and 700 feet west of the northeast corner, sec. 13, T.59N., R.16W.; USGS Biwabik Quadrangle; latitude 47 degrees 36 minutes 10 seconds N. and longitude 92 degrees 18 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to free carbonates is greater than 80 inches. Depth to dense till ranges from 25 to 40 inches. Rock fragment content ranges 35 to 60 percent, by volume, in the series control section.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 or 2. It is loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Rock fragment content averages 15 to 35 percent by volume with 2 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 2 to 25 percent stones and 0 to 25 percent boulders. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid.
Some pedons have an E horizon 1 to 3 inches thick with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam in the fine-earth fraction. Rock fragment content averages 15 to 35 percent by volume with 2 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 2 to 25 percent stones and 0 to 25 percent boulders. Reaction is very strongly acid to moderately acid. E horizons occur in less than half of all pedons.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5 and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam in the fine earth fraction. Rock fragment content averages 15 to 35 percent by volume with 2 to 20 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, 2 to 25 percent stones and 0 to 25 percent boulders. Lower subhorizons contain up to 45 percent rock fragments. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand in the fine earth fraction. Rock fragment content averages 35 to 60 percent by volume with 15 to 40 percent gravel, 5 to 25 percent cobbles, 0 to 15 percent stones and 0 to 10 percent boulders. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Cd horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is firm glacial till with a clay content of 2 to 12 percent and a sand content of 65 to 85 percent. It is fine sandy loam, sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand or loamy coarse sand in the fine earth fraction. Rock fragment content averages 35 to 60 percent by volume with 15 to 40 percent gravel, 5 to 25 percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent stones and 0 to 10 percent boulders. Reaction is strongly acid to slightly acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Calaveras,
Lantern,
Selway,
Tevis and
Winfall series. These soils do not have dense Cd horizons with bulk density greater than 1.8 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Eveleth soils are on linear or convex slopes on till plains and till-mantled bedrock uplands. Slopes range from 8 to 45 percent. They formed in a mantle of loamy material and underlying dense till. The till was deposited by the Rainy Lobe. Mean annual air temperature is 36 to 40 degrees F., mean annual precipitation is 27 to 30 inches. The frost-free period is 90 to 120 days. Elevation above sea level is 1400 to 1900 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Cathro,
Cloquet,
Conic,
Eaglesnest, and
Wahlsten soils. The very poorly drained Cathro soils formed in organic deposits and are in depressions. The well drained Conic and moderately well drained Wahlsten soils have bedrock at 20 to 40 inches. The moderately well drained Eaglesnest soils are on less sloping areas. The well drained Cloquet soils formed in a loamy mantle and underlying outwash.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is slow or very slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Principal trees are aspen, paper birch, balsam fir, red pine and jack pine. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-93. Northeast Minnesota. Moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Louis County, Minnesota, 2005.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 3 inches (A horizon); Cambic horizon - the zone from 3 to 36 inches (Bw and 2BC horizons); densic contact at 36 inches.
Placement is tentative. These soils may classify as Spodosols if the chemical requirement is met. Albic horizons are in less than 50 percent of all pedons based on field documentation. Lab data will be obtained in the future. 2/11/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
ADDITIONAL DATA: For results of some laboratory analysis refer to MAES Central File Code #4229. Soil Interpretation Record number MN0811.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.