LOCATION FOX WI+IL IN MI OH

Established Series
Rev. AJK-HFG-GWH
01/2011

FOX SERIES

The Fox series consists of very deep, well drained soils which are moderately deep to stratified calcareous sandy outwash. These soils formed in thin loess and in loamy alluvium or just in loamy alluvium overlying stratified calcareous sandy outwash on outwash plains, stream terraces, valley trains, kames, and glacial moraines. Slopes range from 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches) near the type location. Mean annual air temperature is about 9.4 degrees C (49 F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Fox silt loam - on a plane 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 260 meters (850 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt1--25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--38 to 53 cm (15 to 21 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few faint dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons in loess ranges from 0 to 48 cm (0 to 19 inches); in loamy outwash it ranges from 25 to 89 cm (10 to 35 inches).]

2Bt3--53 to 74 cm (21 to 29 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common prominent very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4--74 to 84 cm (29 to 33 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) clay films on faces of peds; about 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.{[Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon [Bt horizon in pedons without a loess mantle] ranges from 10 to 89 cm (10 to 35 inches).]

3C1--84 to 114 cm (33 to 45 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) stratified gravelly sand and very cobbly sand; single grain; loose; about 30 percent gravel and 30 percent cobbles as an average; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 51 cm (0 to 20 inches) thick]

3C2--114 to 152 cm (45 to 60 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) stratified very gravelly sand, extremely gravelly sand, and gravel; single grain; loose; about 65 percent gravel as an average; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles south and 3 mile west of Lake Mills; 1,600 feet south and 1,930 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 32, T. 7 N., R. 13 E., USGS Lake Mills, Wisconsin; lat. 43 degrees 01 minutes 59 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 59 minutes 10 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Thickness of loess mantle: 0 to 61 cm (0 to 24 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages from 18 to 35 percent clay, 15 to 45 percent fine sand or coarser
Depth to free carbonates and stratified sandy outwash: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Volume of gravel: 0 to 35 percent in the loamy mantle, averages 3 to 70 percent in the stratified outwash and ranges from 0 to 95 percent in individual strata.
Volume of cobbles: 0 to 50 percent in individual strata in the outwash
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part of the solum, but it ranges to neutral in the upper parts of some pedons where the soil is limed and ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the in the lower subsoil and is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the outwash
Free calcium carbonates: in the sand and gravel outwash and in the lower part of the loamy mantle in some pedons

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 2 or 3 (Colors of 3/2 or 3/3 have value dry of 6 or more)
Texture: silt loam, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, gravelly loam, gravelly sandy loam, silty clay loam, clay loam or gravelly clay loam

A horizon [where present, usulally les than 10 cm (4 inches) thick]:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, gravelly loam or gravelly sandy loam

E horizon (whrer present):
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs.

Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam or the gravelly analogs but it grades to sandy loam or gravelly sandy loam in the lower part in some pedons.

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or the gravelly analogs but grades to sandy loam in the lower part in some pedons
Other features:
In some pedons, the lower boundary is quite irregular and tongues of the 2Bt horizon extend into the calcareous sandy outwash for several feet. At the contact with the calcareous sandy outwash a darker colored and more clayey subhorizon is common ("beta B").

2Btk horizon (where present):
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loam, sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.

3C or 2C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value; 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: stratified layers of sand, coarse sand or the gravelly, very gravelly or extremely gravelly analogs or has strata of gravel. In some pedons, it is sand.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bixby, and Hixton series. Bixby soils do not have carbonates within a depth of 114 cm (45 inches). Hixton soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Fox soils are on outwash plains, stream terraces, valley trains, and kames and in outwash areas on moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 35 percent. These soils formed in thin loess and loamy alluvium or just in loamy alluvium overlying stratified calcareous sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 1120 mm (27 to 44 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.8 to 13.9 degrees C (46 to 57 degrees F). The frost free period ranges from about 135 to 190 days. Elevation ranges from 177 to 396 meters (580 to 1300 feet).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Near the type location, these are the Casco, Dresden, Matherton, Ockley, and Sebewa soils. The somewhat excessively drained Casco soils are on landscape positions similar to those of Fox soils where the loamy mantle is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) thick over outwash. The well drained Dresden and Ockley soils are in landscape positions similar to those of Fox soils. Dresden soils are in areas where the surface layer is dark colored. Ockley soils are in areas where the loamy soil is more than 102 cm (40 inches) thick over outwash. The somewhat poorly drained Matherton soils and the poorly drained Sebewa soils form a drainage sequence with Fox soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff is neglible to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometer per second) in the silty and loamy mantle and high to very high (42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second) in the sand and gravelly outwash. Permeability is moderate in the silty and loamy mantle and rapid or very rapid in the sand and gravel outwash.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most of the less sloping areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is hardwood forest. Common trees are northern red oak, white oak, sugar maple, black cherry, and white ash.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95B, 97, 98, 99, 108A, 108B, 110, 111A, 111B, 111C, 111D, 111E, 113, 114A, 114B, and 124 in southeastern Wisconsin, Indiana, Illinois, southern Michigan, western Ohio, and eastern Iowa. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Columbia County, Wisconsin, 1911.

REMARKS: New series will be needed for the CLAYEY SUBSTRATUM (WI8064) and the LOAMY SUBSTRATUM (WI8065) phases.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches) (Ap).
argillic horizon - 25 to 84 cm (10 to 33 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0026; WI0438 (GRAVELLY); WI0459 (SANDY SUBSTRATUM).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.