LOCATION HATMAKER MI
Established Series
Rev. RWD-NWS
08/2012
HATMAKER SERIES
The Hatmaker series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loamy glaciofluvial deposits overlying silty materials weathered from shale on moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 813 mm (32 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, semiactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hatmaker loam, on a northwest-facing, 3 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 inches) thick]
EB--20 to 38 cm (8 to 15 inches); pale olive (5Y 6/3) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine prominent gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 41 cm (16 inches) thick]
2Bt--38 to 48 cm (15 to 19 inches); olive (5Y 5/3) silt loam; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; few prominent gray (N 5/) clay films; common coarse dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron; common medium prominent gray (N 5/) iron depletions; 10 percent shale fragments, less than 15 cm (6 inches) in length; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Btg1--48 to 79 cm (19 to 31 inches); gray (5Y 5/1) silt loam; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common prominent gray (N 5/) clay films; common coarse dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); common medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of oxidized iron; 10 percent shale fragments less than 15 cm (6 inches) in length; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
2Btg2--79 to 99 cm (31 to 39 inches); dark gray (5Y 4/1) silt loam; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common prominent dark gray (N 4/) clay films; common coarse dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); common medium faint dark gray (N 4/) iron depletions; common medium prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) and light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of oxidized iron; 16 percent shale fragments less than 15 cm (6 inches) in length; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]
2C--99 to 152 cm (39 to 60 inches); dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) channery [shaly] silt loam; massive; firm; common coarse dark concretions (Fe and Mn oxides); common medium distinct olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) masses of oxidized iron; common fine distinct gray (N 5/) iron depletions; 20 percent shale fragments less than 15 cm (6 inches) in length; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Branch County, Michigan; about 2 miles south and 1 1/2 miles west of Coldwater; 1,640 feet east and 280 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 6, T. 7 S., R. 6 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 61 to 127 cm (24 to 50 inches)
Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5; 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent, mainly small shale fragments
A horizon, where present:
Thickness: 2.5 to 10 cm (1 to 4 inches)
Hue: 10YR to 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent, mainly small shale fragments
Reaction: slightly acid or neutral
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam, or the channery [shaly] analogues of these textures
Rock fragment content: 2 to 30 percent, mainly small shale fragments
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline
2C horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam, or the channery [shaly] analogues of these textures
Rock fragment content: 2 to 30 percent, mainly small shale fragments
Reaction: moderately alkaline; slightly or strongly effervescent
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hatmaker soils are on moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in loamy glaciofluvial materials overlying silty materials weathered from Coldwater shale. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 686 to 940 mm (27 to 37 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 8.9 to 11.1 degrees C (48 to 52 degrees F).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the somewhat poorly drained
Locke soils and the poorly drained
Brookston soils. Locke and Brookston soils are in similar landscape positions, but lack residual material above 152 cm (60 inches).
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Potential for surface runoff is low to high depending on slope gradient. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the upper material and moderately high in the underlying material. Permeability is moderately rapid in the upper material and moderately slow in the underlying material.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated with corn and soybeans, wheat, and alfalfa-brome the principal crops. Small areas are used for woodland, with northern red oak, white oak, and red maple the dominant species.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 98 and 111B in south central Michigan. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Branch County, Michigan, 1984.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 38 cm (15 inches) Ap, EB horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 38 to 99 cm (15 to 39 inches) (2Bt, 2Btg horizons).
Lithologic discontinuity: at 38 cm (15 inches) (top of the 2Bt horizon).
Aquic conditions: redoximorphic features and gleyed matrix in all horizons below a depth of 20 cm (8 inches).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.