LOCATION HATTIE MN+ND SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Aquic Hapluderts
TYPICAL PEDON: Hattie silty clay with a convex north-facing slope of 6 percent on a moraine in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) silty clay, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bwss--8 to 15 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common black (10YR 2/1) tongues; very few slickensides tilted 10 to 60 degrees from horizontal; about 3 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual irregular boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick)
Bkss--15 to 22 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine subangular blocky; firm; very few slickensides tilted 10 to 60 degrees from horizontal; about 3 percent gravel; carbonates disseminated throughout; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (10 to 30 inches thick)
C1--22 to 60 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) silty clay; massive; firm, about 3 percent gravel; common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and common fine faint light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) Fe depletions; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary;
C2--60 to 80 inches; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silty clay; massive; firm; about 3 percent gravel; many medium distinct light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) Fe concentrations; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline
TYPE LOCATION: Big Stone County, Minnesota; about 4 miles east and 2 miles north of the town of Clinton, about 2,000 feet south and 2,200 feet west of the northeast corner, sec. 6, T. 123 N., R. 45 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mollic epipedon is 7 to 20 inches thick. Free carbonates are in all parts of the pedon. Rock fragments of mixed lithology make up about 2 to 8 percent, by volume, throughout. The average content of clay in the 10 to 40 inch control section typically is 45 to 55 percent with a full range of 35 to 60 percent. The content of sand in this zone averages between 6 and 25 percent.
The Ap and A horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1. They are silty clay, clay, clay loam and silty clay loam. They are slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 1 to 10 percent.
The Bw, Bk, Bwss and Bkss horizons have hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. They are typically silty clay and clay and less commonly silty clay loam or clay loam. The reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The Bw horizons have a calcium carbonate equivalent of 10 to 25 percent. The Bk horizons show evidence of carbonate accumulations as threads, masses or are disseminated throughout and has a calcium carbonate equivalent of 15 to 30 percent. The Bss horizons show genetically developed slickensides tilted 10 to 60 degrees from horizontal. Tongues of darker colored material are common in these horizons.
Some pedons have a BCss horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5Y or 5Y, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is silty clay, clay, silty clay loam or clay loam. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Audubon and Tomty series. Audubon soils have carbonates at depths of 9 to 20 inches. Tomty soils have a calcium carbonate content of t 5 to 10 percent in the Bk horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils are on convex slopes on moraines and side slopes of drainageways on lake plains. Slope gradient typically is 3 to 12 percent but ranges from 0 to 25 percent. The soils formed in calcareous clayey glacial till of Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual precipitation is 20 to 26 inches, mean annual air temperature is 38 to 45 degrees F, frost-free period is 90 to 140 days, and elevation is 990 to 1,950 feet ASL.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Audubon, Boyerlake, Dovray, and Foxlake soils. The moderately well drained Audubon soils are on similar positions but do not have carbonates to the surface. The moderately well drained Boyerlake soils are on convex shoulder slopes and do not have a dark colored surface layer. The poorly drained Clearwater and Foxlake soils are level to concave and are in swales and on toeslopes. The very poorly drained Dovray soils are in closed depressions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff ranges from moderately low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is slow. These soils have saturated conditions as high as 2.5 feet during the months of April to June in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is cultivated. Corn, soybeans, and small grains are the principal crops. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Western Minnesota and Southeastern North Dakota and Northeastern South Dakota. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Stevens County, Minnesota, 1971.
REMARKS: This soil was changed from having a Typic subgroup to an Aquic subgroup based on piezometer data from Minnesota. Refer to NSSL samples from pedons S61MN-149-001 and S61MN-149-002 for data on representative pedons.
The Type Location was moved from Stevens County, Minnesota to Big Stone County, Minnesota to better represent the series concept as it occurs in MLRA-102A.