LOCATION HAYESPRING OR

Established Series
Rev. CWL-MPK-JVC-JBF
03/2011

HAYESPRING SERIES

The Hayespring series consists of moderately deep to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in volcanic ash over residuum derived from basalt. Hayespring soils are on lava plateaus. Slopes are 0 to 20 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 280 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 7 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, isotic, frigid Vitritorrandic Durixerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Hayespring very stony ashy fine sandy loam--on a lava plateau sloping 3 percent to the northeast at an elevation of 1,567 meters--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 8 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) very stony ashy fine sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; strong medium granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and common fine roots; common very fine, common fine, few medium interstitial and tubular pores; 15 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. 5 to 18 cm thick)

A2--8 to 25 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) stony ashy fine sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to strong medium granular; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, common fine, and common medium roots; common very fine, common fine, and common medium interstitial and tubular pores; 5 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 10 percent stones; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (13 to 20 cm thick)

Bt1--25 to 43 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) cobbly ashy clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, common fine, few medium, and few coarse roots; few very fine, few fine, and few medium tubular pores; 5 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles, and 2 percent stones; common faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (10 to 43 cm thick)

Bt2--43 to 61 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/3) ashy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, few fine, few medium, and few coarse roots; few very fine and few fine tubular pores; 2 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; lower part of horizon has silica-cemented lenses; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

Bqm1--61 to 91 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) cemented material; brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium platy structure; very hard, very firm, moderately cemented by secondary silica; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary. (5 to 30 cm thick)

Bqm2--91 to 112 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) cemented material; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; strong medium platy structure; very strongly cemented by secondary silica; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 20 cm thick)

R--112 cm; basalt.

TYPE LOCATION: Lake County, Oregon; about 1 mile east-northeast of Peters Lake; approximately 100 feet north and 50 feet east of the southwest corner of section 10, T. 23 S., R. 19 E.; USGS Fredrick Butte 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 43 degrees 35 minutes 14 seconds N and longitude 120 degrees 26 minutes 09 seconds W; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in winter and early spring, dry in summer and fall; aridic moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 7 to 8 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 25 to 43 cm; includes the Bt1 horizon in some pedons.
Depth to duripan: 50 to 100 cm.
Depth to bedrock: 76 to 150 cm to a lithic contact.
Sodium fluoride pH: 8.5 to 9.0.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 27 to 35 percent;
Rock fragments: 5 to 20 percent, mainly gravel. Lithology of fragments are basalt.

A1 horizon
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry.
Volcanic glass content: 20 to 40 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.
Oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half oxalate iron: 0.2 to 0.4 percent.
Organic matter content: 2 to 4 percent.

A2 horizon
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Texture: Stony ashy fine sandy loam or ashy fine sandy loam.
Clay content: 11 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 10 to 25 percent, mainly cobbles and stones.
Volcanic glass content: 15 to 30 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.
Oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half oxalate iron: 0.2 to 0.4 percent.
Organic matter content: 2 to 4 percent.

Bt1 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Cobbly ashy clay loam, ashy clay loam, ashy sandy clay loam, or cobbly ashy sandy clay loam.
Clay content: 20 to 32 percent
Rock fragments: 5 to 25 percent, mainly cobbles.
Volcanic glass content: 15 to 30 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.
Oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half oxalate iron: 0.2 to 0.4 percent.
Organic matter content: 1 to 3 percent.

Bt2 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Clay content: 30 to 36 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent, mainly cobbles.
Volcanic glass content: 15 to 30 percent in coarse silt through fine sand fractions.
Oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half oxalate iron: 0.2 to 0.4 percent.

Bqm1 and Bqm2 horizons
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Cementation: Moderately cemented to indurated; at least one subhorizon is very strongly cemented or indurated.

COMPETING SERIES: There are currently no other series in this family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hayespring soils are on lava plateaus. These soils formed in volcanic ash over residuum derived from basalt. Slopes are 0 to 20 percent. Elevations range from 1,345 to 1,640 meters. The climate is semiarid and characterized by cold, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is typically 250 to 300 mm but may range as low as 230 mm and as high as 330 mm, the mean annual temperature is 6 to 7 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 60 to 80 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Connleyhills, Moonbeam, and Senra soils. Connleyhills are clayey-skeletal. Moonbeam soils are clayey and shallow to duripans. Senra soils are ashy and shallow to duripans.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium or high surface runoff; moderately slow permeability; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Hayespring soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The vegetation is western juniper, mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and western needlegrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Oregon. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 23.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lake County (Northern Part), Oregon, 2006.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 43 cm (A1, A2, and Bt1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 25 to 61 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Vitrandic intergrade feature - The zone from the soil surface to 61 cm (A1, A2, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 61 to 112 cm (Bqm1 and Bqm2 horizons).
Lithic contact - The boundary at 112 cm to underlying hard, unweathered bedrock (R layer).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 61 cm (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
The isotic mineralogy class is based on the field determined values for sodium fluoride pH.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Volcanic glass content determined locally by optical grain counts using a polarizing petrographic microscope. Oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half oxalate extractable iron values are estimated.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.