LOCATION KAMACK UTEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Typic Haplocryolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Kamack gravelly loam--woodland. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A1--0 to 1 inch; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) gravelly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; loose, friable, slightly sticky; common medium and many fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
A2--1 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) gravelly loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; few fine pores; 35 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.1); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
A3--6 to 15 inches; dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and medium roots; many fine pores; 20 percent pebbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); gradual smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--15 to 24 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) very gravelly loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and common medium roots; common fine pores; 35 percent pebbles and 15 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 18 inches thick)
Bw2--24 to 44 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very gravelly loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; 40 percent pebbles and 15 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual smooth boundary. (15 to 30 inches thick)
R--44 inches; fractured sandstone.
TYPE LOCATION: Summit County, Utah; about 1/4 mile east of the junction of south fork of Pullen Creek and Weber River, northwest 1/4 of the southwest 1/4 of sec. 12, T. 1 S., R. 6 E. (Kamas Ranger District Survey).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Some pedons have a thin organic layer at the surface. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 16 inches thick. Depth of the bedrock ranges from 40 to 60 inches. The mean annual soil temperature is 42 to 45 degrees F. at a depth of 20 inches, and the mean summer soil temperature is 56 to 58 degrees F.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR through 5YR, value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 1 through 3. It is neutral to slightly acid.
The Bw (cambic) horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 through 5 moist, 5 through 7 dry and chroma of 4 through 6. It is mainly very gravelly loam but ranges from very gravelly sandy loam to very gravelly clay loam, very channery loam and has 18 to 28 percent clay. Rock fragments range from 35 to 80 percent and are mainly pebbles. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Broad Canyon, Midfork, and Sawpit series. Broad Canyon soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Midfork soils are calcareous in the lower part. Sawpit soils do not have a lithic contact.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kamack soils are on mountainsides and have slopes of 10 to 60 percent. They formed in colluvium and residuum weathered from sandstone. Elevations range from 7,200 to 9,000 feet. The climate is humid Canadian with warm, dry summers and cool, moist winters. Average annual precipitation is 25 to 35 inches, mean annual temperature is 31 to 43 degrees F. The freeze-free period is about 40 to 80 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are mainly Ledgefork soils. Ledgefork soils have sandy-skeletal particle-size control sections.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well-drained, medium runoff; moderately rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly as woodland. Potential vegetation is dense conifer and aspen with understory of associated shrubs, forbs and grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central Utah. The soils are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Summit County, Utah, 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
Mollic epipedon: from 0 to 15 inches (A1, A2, and A3 horizons)
Cambic horizon: from 15 to 44 inches (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons)
Particle-size control section: The zone from 10 to 40 inches (part of A3, Bw1, part of Bw2 horizons)
Lithic contact: at 44 inches (R layer)