LOCATION KEOWNS WI+MI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
12/2011

KEOWNS SERIES

The Keowns series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils formed in mostly loamy and fine sandy calcareous outwash or lacustrine deposits on glacial lake basins and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, mesic Mollic Endoaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Keowns silt loam - on a 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 258 meters (847 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

Eg--23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; weak medium platy structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; friable; few fine prominent olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]

Bg1--41 to 66 cm (16 to 26 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.

Bg2--66 to 81 cm (26 to 32 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam with thin strata of grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very fine sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bg horizons is 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches).]

Cg--81 to 102 cm (32 to 40 inches); grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) fine sand with thin strata of light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; massive; friable; few streaks of very dark brown (10YR 2/2); many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; abrupt wavy boundary.

C--102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand stratified with thin layers of light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; massive; friable; many medium and fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix of the fine sand; many medium and fine prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix of the fine sand; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Dodge County, Wisconsin; about 3/4 mile northwest of Ashippun; 100 feet south and 1800 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 30, T. 9 N., R. 17 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of soil development: 46 to 102 cm (18 to 40 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 31 to 102 cm (12 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section:m: averages 10 and 18 percent clay,15 to 55 percent fine sand or coarser
Carbonates: in the C horizon and are in the lower part of the Bg horizon in many pedons
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline in the upper part of the solum, slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline in the lower part and in the substratum
Redox accumulations: throughout the soil below the A horizon; saturation and chroma of 2 or less in the matrix in the layer directly under the epipedon

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or N
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 0 to 2
Texture: silt loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam

Eg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam

Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam with thin strata of coarser or finer texture especially in the lower part in many pedons

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2, but below a depth of 40 inches, it is not uncommon to have chroma of 3 to 6.
Texture: dominantly stratified layers of silt, silt loam, fine sand, or very fine sand with thin strata of coarser or finer texture in some pedons, the sandy layers in upper part of the C horizon less than 6 inches thick

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Keowns soils are on glacial lake basins and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in mostly loamy and fine sandy calcareous outwash or lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 710 to 813 mm (28 to 32 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.8 to 10.6 degrees C (46 to 51 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Colwood, Pella, and Yahara soils. Colwood and Pella soils are in similar landscape positions. Yahara soils are on slightly higher landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is negligible or low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second). Permeablitity is moderate. These soils have an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 0 to 31 cm (0 to 1 foot) for long periods in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Where adequately drained, these soils are used for cropland. Many areas have been retained in pasture or used for woodlots and wildlife. The native vegetation is swamp hardwoods with some prairie grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, 95B, 98, and 89 in southeastern and eastern Wisconsin and southwestern Michigan. These soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Brown County, Wisconsin, 1970.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches) (Ap); cambic horizon - 41 to 81 cm (16 to 32 inches) (Bg1, Bg2); mollic subgroup - have Ap horizon with color value and chroma, moist, of less than 4, and color value, dry, of less than 6; aquic feature chroma of 2 or less in the matrix with redox accumulations and saturation in the layer directly under the epipedon.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.