LOCATION KORNMAN CO

Established Series
Rev. AJC/LAN
01/2014

KORNMAN SERIES

The Kornman series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium. Kornman soils are on stream terraces. The surface horizons formed in alluvium from sediment-rich irrigation water while the subsoil and substratum formed in mixed alluvium from sedimentary materials. Slopes range from 0 to 5 percent. The mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C (52 degrees F.) and the mean annual precipitation is about 305 millimeters (12 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Calciustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kornman clay loam, on a north-facing, linear, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 1,325 meters (4,347 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) When described on September 14, 2010 the soil was moist from 0 to 200 centimeters (0 to 80 inches).

Ap1--0 to 30 centimeters (0 to 12 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; slightly effervescent; 1 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary.

Ap2--30 to 46 centimeters (12 to 18 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; moderately hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common fine roots; slightly effervescent; 2 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ap horizons is 25 to 49 centimeters)

Bw--46 to 64 centimeters (18 to 25 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; common fine roots; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters thick)

Bk1--64 to 91 centimeters (25 to 36 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; 8 percent medium, distinct, spherical carbonate masses in matrix; violently effervescent; 9 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (20 to 30 centimeters thick)

Bk2--91 to 132 centimeters (36 to 52 inches); very pale brown (10YR 8/3) sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 6 percent medium distinct irregular carbonate masses in matrix; violently effervescent; 24 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (25 to 51 centimeters thick)

Bk3--132 to 200 centimeters (52 to 80 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; 2 percent fine distinct irregular carbonate masses in matrix; violently effervescent; 8 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).

TYPE LOCATION: Otero County, Colorado; about 1 mile east of Fowler, Colorado; 1,200 feet east and 1,700 feet south of the northwest corner of Sec. 22, T. 22 S., R. 59 W., Sixth Principle Meridian; Hardesty Reservoir, Colorado USGS topographic quadrangle.; UTM zone 13 587662 E., 4219909 N.; latitude 38 degrees, 7 minutes, 22 seconds N. and longitude 103 degrees, 59 minutes, 59.6 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: moist in some part March through May and intermittently moist June through October. It is driest December through February.
Moisture regime: aridic bordering on ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 9 to 12 degrees C. (49 to 54 degrees F.)
Mean summer soil temperature: 20 to 25 degrees C (68 to 75 degrees F.)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 25 to 76 centimeters (10 to 30 inches)
Depth to calcic horizon: 46 ton 99 centimeters (18 to 39 inches)
Depth to cambic horizon: 25 to 49 centimeters (10 to 19 inches)
Thickness of the calcic horizon: 25 to 81 centimeters (10 to 32 inches)

Ap horizons have increased clay and organic matter content due to prolonged irrigation, cultivation, and fertilization. Phosphorous content is not high enough for an anthropic epipedon.

Particle size control section: (weighted average):
Clay content: 10 to 18 percent
Sand content: 55 to 75 percent, with more than 35 percent fine sand or
coarser
Silt content: 10 to 30 percent

Ap horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 through 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: clay loam, silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 8 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

Bw horizon (where present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: sandy loam or fine sandy loam
Clay content: 12 to 18 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline

Bk horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand
Clay content: 3 to 18 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent fine gravel
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 30 percent, with at least one horizon above a depth of 100 centimeters that exceeds 15 percent
EC (dS/m): 0.5 to 4
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 4
Gypsum content: 0 to 1 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline

C horizons (when present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loamy sand
Clay content: 3 to 18 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 5 percent fine gravel
EC (dS/m): 0.5 to 4
Sodium Adsorption Ratio: 0 to 4
Gypsum content: 0 to 1 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Graystone, Greenhope, Guy, Humbarsprings, Junebee, Laird, and Sidney series.
Graystone soils: Graystone soils do not have increased clay and organic matter in the Ap horizons from sediment-rich irrigation water. These soils are typically dry from July to October 15.
Greenhope, Guy, Humbarsprings soils: These soils have 15 to 35 percent rock fragments in the control section.
Junebee soils: Junebee soils have clay films and bridging in the control section, and 15 to 35 percent gravel below 100 centimeters (40 inches).
Laird soils: Laird soils do not have increased clay and organic matter in the Ap horizons from sediment-rich irrigation water and form in marly lacustrine deposits and contain shells and have relict redoximorphic features.
Sidney soils: Sidney soils have a paralithic contact at depths of 100 to 152 centimeters (40 to 60 inches)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: clayey alluvium from irrigation water over sandy alluvium derived from mixed sources.
Landform: terraces
Slopes: 0 to 5 percent
Elevation: 1,158 to 1,585 meters (3,800 to 5,000 feet)
Average annual temperature: 10 to 12 degrees C (50 to 54 degrees F.)
Average annual precipitation: 254 to 356 millimeters (10 to 14 inches)
Precipitation pattern:
Peak period: May through August
Driest period: December through February
Frost free season: 130 to 170 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Numa and Rocky Ford soils.
Numa soils: have a fine-loamy control section and are found on stream terraces and paleoterraces.
Rocky Ford soils: have a fine-silty control section and are found on stream terraces and paleoterraces.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high or high
Flooding: Flooding ranges from non-flooded to very rarely flooded with brief duration and is most likely to occur April through August, but can occur in any month.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used as irrigated cropland. Principal crops are alfalfa, corn, small grains, sorghums, truck crops, and melons. Native vegetation is mainly blue grama, galleta, and western wheatgrass. ESD R069XY006CO: Loamy Plains.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Arkansas River Valley, Colorado, LRR G, MLRA 69 and 67B. The series is of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Prowers County, Colorado, 1963.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Series control section: 0 to 200 centimeters
Particle size control section: 25 to 100 centimeters (10 to 40 inches).
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 46 centimeters (0 to 18 inches). (Ap1 and Ap2 horizons)
Cambic horizon: 46 to 64 centimeters (18 to 25 inches) (Bw horizon)
Calcic horizon: 91 to 132 centimeters (36 to 52 inches) (Bk2 horizon).

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

LAN 3/2013 Based on field documentation from an update field project, the type location was moved from Prowers County, Colorado to Otero County, Colorado and the consistent appearance of a mollic epipedon and calcic horizon changes the taxonomic class to coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aridic Calciustolls.

Last updated on 4/1973.

Taxonomic Version: Eleventh Edition, 2010.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.