LOCATION KWIAVU COEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Haplustalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kwiavu loam, on a northeast facing, 12 percent slope in oak brush at an elevation of 7944 feet. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) When described on Sept 15, 2003 the soil was dry throughout. The surface is covered by 10 percent gravel, 5 percent cobbles and 1 percent stones.
A1--0 to 2 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine, and common very fine roots throughout; 5 percent gravel, 1 percent cobbles, and 1 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (1 to 4 inches thick)
A2--2 to 9 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common fine, and many very fine roots throughout; 5 percent diorite gravel, 5 percent diorite cobbles, and 1 percent diorite stones; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
BAt--9 to 15 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stony loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine, and common medium roots throughout; common very fine dendritic tubular pores; 15 percent discontinuous distinct clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent diorite gravel, 5 percent diorite cobbles, and 5 percent diorite stones; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--15 to 32 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stony loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; common fine and common medium roots throughout; common very fine dendritic tubular pores; 80 percent continuous prominent clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent diorite paragravel, 10 percent diorite paracobbles, and 10 percent diorite parastones, 5 percent diorite gravel, 5 percent diorite cobbles, and 5 percent diorite stones; slightly acid (pH 6.4); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 24 inches thick)
Bt2--32 to 41 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stony loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few fine and few medium roots throughout; few very fine dendritic tubular pores; 80 percent continuous prominent clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent diorite paragravel, 10 percent paracobbles, and 10 percent diorite parastones, 5 percent diorite gravel, 5 percent diorite cobbles, and 5 percent diorite stones; neutral (pH 6.6); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 30 inches thick)
Bt3--41 to 60 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) stony loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; few fine and few medium roots throughout; few very fine dendritic tubular pores; 80 percent continuous prominent clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent diorite paragravel, 10 percent diorite paracobbles, and 10 percent diorite parastones, 5 percent diorite gravel, 5 percent diorite cobbles, and 5 percent diorite stones; neutral (pH 7.0);
TYPE LOCATION: Montezuma County, Colorado; about 5 miles northwest of Towaoc; located about 2400 feet east and 2500 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 19, T. 35 N., R. 17W.; Battlerock USGS quad; lat. 37 degrees 16 minutes 30.4 seconds N. and long. 108 degrees 45 minutes 52.4 seconds W., NAD 83
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is typic ustic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 44 to 47 degrees F
Depth to argillic horizon: 5 to 15 inches
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 22 to 32 percent
Rock fragment content: 15 to 35 percent
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5, 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Clay content: 10 to 20 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 30 percent diorite fragments
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral
Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture, fine earth fraction: loam or clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Rock fragment content: 15 to 35 percent diorite fragments
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 35 percent of weathered diorite
Reaction: Slightly acid or neutral
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Alderon,
Allens Park,
Bayerton,
Belltower,
Elbeth,
Elbuck,
Elmark,
Haugan,
Heflin,
Hoyt,
Jemco,
Jemez,
Kunz,
Littlepine,
Losindios,
Lumpgulch,
Northrim,
Plome,
Rule,
Shoemaker,
Sweetweed, and
Tunitcha series.
Alderon soils: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic contact.
Allens Park soils: 20 to 40 inches to lithic contact.
Bayerton soils: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic contact.
Belltower soils: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic contact.
Elbeth soils: Have an E horizon and have rock fragments of schist.
Elbuck soils: 15 to 35 percent sandstone rock fragments in the particle size control section.
Elmark soils: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic contact.
Haugan soils: Have sub horizons of secondary calcium carbonate accumulations.
Heflin soils: Have rock fragments of sandstone and shale.
Hoyt soils: Do not have rock fragments of diorite.
Jemco soils: 20 to 40 inches to lithic contact.
Jemez soils: 20 to 40 inches to tuff
Kunz soils: Do not have rock fragments of diorite.
Littlepine soils: Have eluvial horizons and do not have rock fragments of diorite.
Losindios soils: Have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the Bt horizon.
Lumpgulch soils: 20 to 40 inches to paralithic contact over a lithic contact.
Northrim soils: Either have less than 15 percent rock fragments in the Bt horizon, or if greater than 15 percent, the rock fragments are not of diorite lithology.
Plome soils: Have hues of 10R to 5YR.
Rule soils: Have hues of 10R to 5YR.
Shoemaker soils: 20 to 40 inches to lithic contact.
Sweetweed soils: have an E/Bt (Glossic) horizon.
Tunitcha soils: 40 to 60 inches to paralithic contact.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Colluvium and slope alluvium derived from diorite. Some influence from eolian material is present in the surface of some pedons.
Landform: Mountain slopes
Slopes: 6 to 35 percent
Elevation: 7,100 to 8,500 feet
Mean annual temperature: 43 to 47 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 15 to 18 inches
Precipitation pattern: Uniform with slight dip in May and June and slight increase in July and August
Frost-free period: 80 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Towaoc and Herm series. The Towaoc soils are skeletal and are on mountain slopes. The Herm soils are derived from shale and are on mountain slopes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, slow runoff, moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly for rangeland and watershed. The potential native vegetation is mainly Gambel oak, Utah serviceberry, slender wheatgrass, muttongrass, elk sedge, and mountain snowberry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Sleeping Ute Mountain, southwest Colorado; MLRA 36; small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Montezuma County, Colorado, Ute Mountain Area, Colorado and New Mexico, 2005. The name Kwiavu, (Kwee-UH-vuh) is the Ute word for oak.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 9 to 29 inches. (BAt, part of the Bt1 horizons)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 9 to 60 inches. (BAt, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3 horizons)
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy Ninth Edition, 2003.