LOCATION LAKEWOOD NJ
Established Series
CS/Rev. JAK
12/2021
LAKEWOOD SERIES
Lakewood series consists of very deep, excessively drained, rapidly permeable soils on marine terraces. They are formed in sandy marine sediments. Slopes range from 0 to 25 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 56 degrees F near the type location and mean annual precipitation is about 44 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mesic, coated Spodic Quartzipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Lakewood sand, forested. (Colors are for moist soil.)
Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed plant material composed of loose pine needles, oak leaves, and twigs and in part mosses or lichens discontinuous but covering nearly 50 percent of the surface. (0 to 2 inches thick)
A--1 to 2 inches; black (10YR 2/1) sand; single grain; loose; common medium roots; extremely acid; clear broken boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
E--2 to 11 inches; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand; single grained; loose; few medium roots; extremely acid; gradual irregular boundary. (8 to 24 inches thick)
Bh--11 to 15 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; tongues of E material spaced 1 to 3 feet apart extend into this horizon; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
BC--15 to 37 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) in the upper part fading to brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) in the lower part, sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; many very thin organic and sesquioxides coatings on sand grains becoming thinner with depth; extremely acid; diffuse wavy boundary. (6 to 26 inches thick)
C--37 to 61 inches; brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) sand; single grained; loose, faintly stratified; extremely acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Ocean County, New Jersey; 30 feet north of New Jersey Highway 70, 60 feet west of Beth Am Cemetery, 0.9 miles west of the Garden State Parkway.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
The solum is 30 to 50 inches thick. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Rock fragments range from 0 to 15 percent, by volume in the A, E, and B horizons and 0 to 30 percent in the C horizon and are mostly gravel. Soil reaction ranges from extremely acid to very strongly acid throughout the profile, unless limed. Depth to seasonal high water table is greater than 60 inches.
The Oi horizon is slightly decomposed plant material, mostly leaves, needles, and twigs.
The A horizon has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 2 to 4, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 1 or 2. The texture is sand or loamy sand. Ap horizon (if present) has a hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5, chroma of 1 or 2. The texture is sand or loamy sand.
The E horizon has hues of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 1 or 2, or is neutral with value of 4 to 8. The texture is sand or loamy sand.
The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8. The texture is sand or loamy sand.
The BC horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 4 to 6, chroma of 3 to 8. The texture is sand or loamy sand.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR to 2.5Y, value of 5 to 7, chroma of 4 through 8. Texture in the fine-earth fraction is sand, loamy sand, or sandy loam.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lakewood soils are on marine terraces. Slopes ranged from 0 to 25 percent. The soils are formed in sandy marine sediments. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 40 to 48 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 47 to 56 degrees F. Frost Free Period ranges from 175 to 210 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are
Atsion,
Berryland,
Downer,
Evesboro,
Klej,
Lakehurst,
Pittsgrove and
Woodmansie. Atsion and Berryland soils are poorly drained spodosols, on lower-lying positions. Downer soils are well drained, have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section, on similar landforms. Evesboro soils do not have thin Bh horizons, on similar landforms. Klej soils are somewhat poorly drained and a seasonal high water table at 12 to 24 inches, on lower-lying positions. Lakehurst soils are moderately well drained and have a seasonal high water table at 18 to 42 inches on lower-lying positions. Pittsgrove soils are well drained, have an argillic and weakly expressed fragipan horizon, on similar landforms. Woodmansie soils are well drained and have a coarse-loamy particle-size control section, on adjacent ridges.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Excessively drained. Permeability is rapid. Surface runoff is slow to rapid.
USE AND VEGETATION: Lakewood soils are mostly in woodland. Woodland consists of pitch pine, black oak, and white oak. Where wildfires have been severe the trees are dwarfed, growing less than 5 feet tall and consist primarily of pitch pine, scrub oak, and blackjack oak.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: New Jersey and possibly Maryland. MLRAs include 144A, 149A, 153C, 153D. The series is of large extent.
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Freehold area of New Jersey, 1913
REMARKS: Laboratory studies indicate Lakewood soils do not meet the requirements for spodic materials.
Diagnostic horizons and other diagnostic soil characteristics recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon--the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 11 inches (Oi, A, and E horizons)
Cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 11 to 37 inches (Bh and BC horizons)
12/2021. Oi had 1 to 0 inch depths, revised to be 0 to 1 inch horizon depths then added 1 inch to all horizon depths throughout the typical pedon. Format also updated to narrative to allow for validations.
SERIES INTERPRETATION RECORDS(s): NJ0010
TABULAR SERIES DATA:
SOI-5 Soil Name Slope Airtemp FrFr/Seas Precip Elevation
NJ0010 LAKEWOOD 0- 25 - - - -
SOI-5 FloodL FloodH Watertable Kind Months Bedrock Hardness
NJ0010 NONE >6.00 - >60
SOI-5 Depth Texture 3-Inch No-10 Clay% -CEC-
NJ0010 0-10 S FS 0- 0 90-100 1- 4 -
NJ0010 10-36 S FS LS 0- 0 80-100 1-10 -
NJ0010 36-60 S GR-S SL 0- 0 75-100 2- 4 -
SOI-5 Depth -pH- O.M. Salin Permeab Shnk-Swll
NJ0010 0-10 3.6- 5.0 1.-2. 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW
NJ0010 10-36 3.6- 5.0 - 0- 0 6.0- 20 LOW
NJ0010 36-60 3.6- 5.0 - 0- 0 0.6- 20 LOW
ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization samples--S73NJ-15-2, S73NY-15-7, and S73NJ-15-8
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.