LOCATION LAMO NE+CO SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lamo silty clay loam with a slope of less than 1 percent in cropland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots throughout; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--7 to 15 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist, weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots throughout; few fine tubular pores; strong effervescence; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Combined A horizon is 10 to 30 inches thick.)
AB--15 to 26 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots throughout; common fine tubular pores; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
Bg1--26 to 32 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron masses in the soil matrix: common medium lime concretions; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.
Bg2--32 to 46 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; common medium concretions; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bg horizon is 0 to 26 inches)
Cg--46 to 80 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) moist; massive; hard, firm; common medium lime concretions; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Seward County, Nebraska; 3 miles east and 1 mile south of Beaver Crossing; 300 feet east and 1056 feet north of the southwest corner, sec. 9, T. 9 N., R. 2 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Lamo soils are moist in all parts of the soil moisture control section for less than 90 cumulative days in the 120 days following the summer solstice. They are moist in some part of the soil moisture control section for more than 90 cumulative days in the 120 days following the summer solstice
Depth to secondary carbonates: Commonly 5 to 10 inches, but ranges from 0 to 20 inches. The calcium carbonate equivalent commonly is 5 to 10 percent and ranges from 1 to 15 percent; Accumulations Calcium carbonates are generally below 24 inches
Depth to redoximorphic features: below depth of 40 inches, few, fine, to common distinct, yellowish brown (10YR, 2.5Y 4/4 to 6), iron concentration in matrix; fine to common, prominent, greenish gray (5G 5/1), iron depletions in matrix
Depth to endosaturation: 18 inches winter/spring to 36 inches or greater summer/fall
Thickness of mollic epipedon: 24 to greater than 40 inches; In some pedons the surface layer is slightly lighter colored because of recent overwash
Thickness of the solum: 24 to 60 more than inches
A horizon:
Hue of 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, or silty clay loam; also included are textures of silty clay and clay
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
EC (mmhos/cm: 0 to 2
AB horizon: (AC when present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam, clay loam or silty clay loam; is horizon has redox features; in some pedons this horizon is absent but the mollic epipedon is 24 inches thick
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
Bg and Cg horizons:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, silty clay, clay loam, sandy clay loam, clay or silty clay loam; below 40 inches are fine sandy loam, loamy sand, fine sand and sand;
some pedons have coarse sand and gravelly corase sand textures below a depth of 60 inches
Clay content: 28 and 35 percent; some pedons contain thin strata with less than 20 percent clay or more than 35 percent clay
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Devilsgait, Salmo, Obert and Sawabash series. Devilsgait soils are dry in all parts of the soil moisture control section for more than 60 cumulative days in the 120 days following the summer solstice. They have aquic conditions at a depth of 0 to 18 inches and receive less than 12 inches of annual precipitation. Salmo soils have gypsum and other salts throughout the particle size control section. Obert soils have a water table at depths less than 1.5 feet during the growing season. Sawabash soils are moist in all parts of the soil moisture control section for more than 90 cumulative days in the 120 days following the summer solstice.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lamo soils are nearly level and on flood plains. Slope rangeS from 0 to 2 percent. Lamo soils formed in dark colored, calcareous loamy alluvium. The mean annual precipitation ranges from 14 to 30 inches. The mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 54 degrees F.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Clamo, Coleridge, Colo, Leshara, Salmo, Zook, Gibbon, Kennebec, Silver Creek, and Wabash soils. Coleridge soils do not have free carbonates in the particle size control section. Gibbon and Silver Creek soils have a thinner mollic epipedon. In addition, Silver Creek soils have more clay in the particle size control section. Kennebec soils contain less clay in the particle size control section and water table is deeper. Wabash soils contain more clay in the particle size control section and does not have free carbonates above a depth of 40 inches.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow; permeability is moderately slow. The highest seasonal water table ranges from a depth of 1 to 3 feet and occurs in the winter or early spring when stream flow is highest. The seasonal high water table ranges from 1.5 to 3 feet during the growing season. In some areas it recedes to a depth of 3 to 6 feet by late summer. Flooding is none to common.
USE AND VEGETATION: The somewhat poorly drained Lamo soils are used mainly for cultivated crops. Many areas are irrigated. The most common crops are corn, alfalfa, grain sorghum, and soybeans. Native vegetation is primarily tall prairie grasses such as big bluestem, switchgrass, indiangrass, prairie cordgrass, sedges, and Canada wildrye.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Nebraska and adjoining areas of South Dakota and Colorado. The Lamo series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wayne County, Nebraska, 1970.
REMARKS: In early surveys, Lamo soils were correlated in the Lamoure series. To date, phases recognized are sandy substratum, drained, saline, and alkali. Soils previously mapped as a wet phase are now included in the Obert series.
A saline-alkali phase has been mapped that allows SAR of 6 to 9 and electrical conductivity of 2 to 8 mmhos/cm in the lower part of the series control section (substratum); a sandy substratum phase is recognized that allows coarse sand and gravelly sand at depths below 40 inches
OSD Modification RRZ 7/2002; added EC (mmhos/cm: 0 to 2 to A horizons; added coarse material below 60 inches and sandy material below 40 inches (sandy substratum phase)
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon--the zone from 0 to 26 inches and aquic soil conditions--the zone from 26 to 80 inches (Bg1, Bg2 and Cg horizons).