LOCATION MADRID NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Madrid fine sandy loam, on a 4 percent slope, in a wooded area. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted).
A-- 0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) fine sandy loam; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and coarse roots; many fine pores; 5 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick)
BE-- 6 to 14 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak fine granular structure; very friable; many fine and coarse roots; many fine pores; 5 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
E-- 14 to 20 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; massive; friable; common medium and coarse roots; common fine pores; 10 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; clear irregular boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
2Bt1/E-- 20 to 28 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loam; moderate medium blocky structure; friable; common medium roots; common fine pores with clay linings; peds have coats (E material - 20 percent) of light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) fine sandy loam, 1 to 3 millimeters thick; 20 percent rock fragments; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
2Bt2-- 28 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loam; moderate medium blocky structure; friable; few medium and coarse roots; common medium and fine pores with clay linings; thin patchy clay films on horizontal and vertical faces of peds; 25 percent rock fragments; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 18 inches thick)
2C-- 42 to 72 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly fine sandy loam; moderately thick, plate-lik divisions; firm; few very fine roots; few fine pores; 30 percent rock fragments; neutral. Calcareous at 60 inches.
TYPE LOCATION: Clinton County, New York, Town of Schuyler Falls; about 1.5 miles north of the intersection of State Route 22B with Salmon River Road and 40 feet east of Route 22B; USGS Morrisonville, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 44 degrees, 39 minutes, 17 seconds N. and Longitude 73 degrees, 34 minutes, 15 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 36 to 60 inches. Depth to bedrock is greater than 60 inches. Depth to carbonates ranges from 36 to 84 inches. Redoximorphic features may be present below 40 inches in some pedons. Rock fragments range from 0 to 25 percent by volume in the surface and subsurface, from 5 to 30 percent in the subsoil and up to 40 percent in substratum.
The A and Ap horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, values of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. They range from fine sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate granular. They are friable or very friable. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The BE horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, with value and chroma ranging from 3 through 6. Texture of the fine earth fraction ranges from fine sandy loam to silt loam. Structure is weak granular or subangular blocky. Consistence is friable or very friable. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6 and chroma of 2 or 3. It ranges from fine sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak blocky, platy or granular structure or it is massive. Consistence is friable or very friable. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The 2B/E, 2E/B, B/E or E/B horizon have properties like the Bt horizon in the interiors of the peds, and E-like material on the exterior of the ped. The B material has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is fine sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate blocky or subangular blocky. Consistence is firm or friable in the B material and friable or very friable in the E material. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
The 2Bt or Bt horizon has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is fine sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate, subangular blocky, blocky or platy structure. It is firm or friable. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral.
The 2C or C horizon has hue of 5YR through 2.5Y, value of 3 through 5, and chroma of 2 through 4. It is fine sandy loam to silt loam in the fine earth fraction. It is massive or has weak or moderately expressed plate-like divisions. Consistence is firm or friable. Reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There is are no other members of this family. The Bombay, Lansing, Nellis, Ontario, Pittsfield, Stockbridge and Valois series are similar soils in related families. Bombay soils have mottling within 30 inches of the surface. Lansing and Ontario soils have more clay in argillic horizons. Nellis, Pittsfield, Stockbridge, and Valois soils lack argillic horizons.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Madrid soils occupy undulating to steep land forms of moraines and till plains, commonly near the margins of, or within the areas occupied by, glacial lakes. Slope ranges from 3 to 50 percent. The regolith is till of mixed sandstone, limestone and granite origin, with or without contrasting water deposited surficial mantles or water-working of the till. The climate is humid temperate, average annual precipitation is 32 to 40 inches, average annual air temperature is 44 degrees to 50 degrees F, and the frost-free season is 130 to 170 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Bombay, Massena and Sun soils are wetter associates. Grenville, Honeoye, Lansing, Nellis and Ontario and their wetter associates occupy till plains of finer material. Alton, Howard, Kars and Palmyra occupy deposits of glacial outwash. Dunkirk, Arkport, Amboy, Colonie, Hudson, Schoharie, Vergennes, and Windsor and their wetter associates occupy lake and marine deposits and deltas.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Internal drainage is moderate and permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas have been cleared and are used for hay, small grains, and row crops. Apples are important locally. Some areas are idle and are reverting to woodland. A small acreage is being used for homesites. Woodlands contain oak, sugar maple, white ash, black cherry, hemlock, white pine, and beech.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: The Ontario Plain, the Allegheny Plateau and the St. Lawrence Valley of New York. MLRA 101, 140, and 142. The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Lawrence County, New York, 1925.
REMARKS: 1.) CEC activity class was estimated as active.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
a: Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 20 inches (A, BE, and E horizons).
b. Albic horizon - the zone from 14 to 28 inches (E and 2Bt1/E).
b. Argillic horizon - the zone from 20 to 42 inches (2Bt1/E and 2Bt2).
c. Glossic horizon - the zone from 20 to 28 inches (2Bt1/E).