LOCATION MANAHAA                 HI

Established Series
Rev. MRK-RTG
06/2012

MANAHAA SERIES

The Manahaa series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in basic volcanic ash over pahoehoe lava. Slopes range from 2 to 50 percent. The mean annual rainfall is about 890 millimeters (35 inches), and the mean annual temperature is about 13 degrees C (55 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Hydrous, ferrihydritic, isomesic Typic Hydrudands

TYPICAL PEDON: Manahaa hydrous silt loam, on a west facing, 10 percent slope in pasture at an elevation of 1093 meters (3,585 feet). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted. All textures are "apparent field textures".)

A--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); dusky red (2.5YR 3/2) hydrous silt loam; moderate medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; many fine pores; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 13 centimeters {4 to 5 inches} thick)

Bw1--15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) hydrous silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; soft, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many roots; many very fine pores; common bits of charcoal; few small pockets of black (5YR 2/1) material; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 13 centimeters {4 to 5 inches} thick)

Bw2--25 to 38 centimeters (10 to 15 inches); dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) hydrous silt loam; weak medium and fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; common roots; many very fine pores; nearly continuous gelatin-like coatings on ped faces; slightly acid (pH 6.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (10 to 15 centimeters {4 to 6 inches} thick)

Bw3--38 to 64 centimeters (15 to 25 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) hydrous silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and plastic; weakly smeary; common roots; many very fine and fine pores; nearly continuous gelatin-like coatings on ped faces; slightly acid (pH 6.5); abrupt wavy boundary. (20 to 38 centimeters {8 to 15} inches thick)

2R--64 centimeters (25 inches); hard, massive pahoehoe lava; roots matted on the surface.

TYPE LOCATION: Island of Hawaii, Hawaii County, Hawaii; 6 miles east of Kealakekua near Kahelepo house on W. H. Greenwell Ranch; pedon is located 435 meters from corral. Puu Lehua Quadrangle; lat. 19 degrees 32 minutes 43.5 second N. and long. 155 degrees 50 minutes 8.0 seconds W. (Old Hawaiian Datum)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: 50 to 102 centimeters (20 to 40 inches).
Mean annual soil temperature: 13 to 15 degrees C (55 to 59 degrees F).
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent by volume of the pedon and range in size from gravel to cobbles.

A horizon
Hue: 2.5YR to 7.5YR.
Structure: Moderate or strong granular or subangular blocky.
Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid (pH 5.6 to 6.5).

Bw horizon
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR.
Chroma: 2 to 4 moist.
Texture: Hydrous silt loam or cobbly hydrous silt loam.
Wet consistence: Nonsticky or slightly sticky, and slightly plastic or plastic.
Soil reaction: Moderately acid or slightly acid (pH 5.6 to 6.5).
In some pedons, the pockets of black material are not present in the B horizon.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Lalo series. Lalo soils are greater than 100 centimeter (40 inches) deep.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Manahaa soils are on upper elevation, leeward slopes of Hualalai and Mauna Loa volcanoes at elevations from 1067 to 1768 meters (3,500 to 5,800 feet). These soils are on all hillslope positions of constructional landscapes consisting of nearly level to very steep pahoehoe lava flows that are 5,000 to 10,000 years old. Slope gradients range from 2 to 50 percent. The soils formed in basic volcanic ash over pahoehoe lava. The mean annual rainfall ranges from 510 to 1270 millimeters (20 to 50 inches), with most of the rainfall occurring from April through October. The mean annual pan evaporation ranges from 1020 to 1780 millimeters (40 to 70 inches). The mean annual temperature ranges from 12 to 14 degrees C (53 to 57 degrees F). The mean summer soil temperature and the mean winter soil temperature differ by less than 6 degrees C (11 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Hapuu, Hokukano, Kealoha, Kekake, Mawae, and Puukala series. Hapuu soils are sandy-skeletal. Hokukano soils have a lithic contact at 25 to 50 centimeters (10 to 20 inches). Kealoha and Puukala soils are medial-skeletal. Kekake soils are organic soils over pahoehoe lava. Mawae soils are organic soils over `a`a lava.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is very low to low. Permeability is moderately rapid in the soil and very slow in the bedrock.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for grazing. Vegetation is ohia lehua (Metrosideros polymorpha), kikuyugrass (Pennisetum clandestinum), rattailgrass (Sporobolus indicus), and yellow bristlegrass (Setaria pumila).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North and South Kona districts, Island of Hawaii; MLRA 161B. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Soil Survey, Territory of Hawaii, 1955.

REMARKS: Soil moisture - moist and not dry in any part for 90 or more days in most years (Udic moisture regime).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Umbric epipedon - from 0 to 25 centimeters (0 to 10 inches) (A and Bw1 horizons)
Cambic horizon - from 25 to 64 centimeters (10 to 25 inches) (Bw2 and Bw3 horizons).
Andic soil properties - from 0 to 64 centimeters (0 to 25 inches) (A and Bw horizons).
Lithic contact - at 64 centimeters (25 inches) (2R horizon).

ADDITIONAL DATA: NASIS User Pedon ID 01HI601017.

Edit Log: 11/3/99 Name updated from Manahaa to Manahaa. Classification revised due to changes in Soil Taxonomy. Old classification: Thixotropic, isomesic Hydric Dystrandepts. Competing series updated. MRK 5/11 Minor edits and competing series updated. MRK

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.