LOCATION NEENAH WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

NEENAH SERIES

The Neenah series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in clayey lacustrine deposits on glacial lake basins and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 mm (28 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 7.8 degrees C (46 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Very-fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Neenah silty clay loam - on a 2 percent concave slope with east aspect cropped to corn at an elevation of about 229 meters (750 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) silty clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; firm; many roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

Bt1--18 to 28 cm (7 to 11 inches); dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common roots; many worm casts of dark brown (7.5YR 3/2); many faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate very fine angular blocky structure; firm; common roots; few worm casts of dark brown (7.5YR 3/2); common faint clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--38 to 56 cm (15 to 22 inches); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) clay; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; firm; common roots; common faint clay films on vertical faces of peds; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many medium prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many pinkish gray (5YR 7/2) calcium carbonate accumulations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4 --56 to 74 cm (22 to 29 inches); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) clay; strong medium prismatic structure; breaking to moderate fine plates along depositional strata; firm; few roots; few faint clay films on faces of prisms; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse prominent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common pinkish gray (5YR 7/2) calcium carbonate accumulations; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 31 to 84 cm (12 to 33 inches) thick.]

C--74 to 152 cm (29 to 60 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay with thin (<1mm) lenses of very fine sand and silt; massive breaking to moderate very thick plates along depositional strata; firm; vertical fractures extend down to 48 inches; fracture faces are entirely gray (5Y 6/1); few roots are in the fractures; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common coarse prominent gray (5Y 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 4 miles southwest of Neenah; 250 feet east and 60 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 7, T. 19 N., R. 17 E. USGS Oshkosh, Wisconsin topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 07 minutes 36 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 31 minutes 21 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 46 to 102 cm (18 to 40 inches)
Thickness of loess or other silty material: 0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 46 to 102 cm (18 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 60 to 85 percent clay and less than 10 percent sand
Rock fragments: absent throughout the soil
Reaction: slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the upper part of the solum, neutral to moderately alkaline in the lower part; slightly or moderately alkaline in the substratum
Redox accumulations: below the A horizon; redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation in the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay

Bt horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: clay, subhorizons of silty clay are in some pedons

C horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 or 4, value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture: clay, subhorizons of silty clay are in some pedons
Other features:
In many pedons, the C horizon contains thin strata of silt or very fine sand.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Closely related are the Menasha, Oshkosh, and Winneconne series. Menasha soils are poorly drained Typic Epiaquolls. Oshkosh soils are well drained Typic Hapludalfs. Winneconne soils are moderately well drained Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Neenah soils are on stream terraces and glacial lake basins. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in clayey lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 635 to 737 mm (25 to 29 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.2 to 8.9 degrees C (45 to 48 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Menasha, Oshkosh, and Winneconne soils and the Poy soils. The moderately well drained and well drained Winneconne soils and the poorly drained Menasha soils form a drainage sequence with the Neenah soils. The Winneconne soils occupy slightly higher areas than Neenah soils and Menasha soils are in lower-lying areas. The poorly drained Poy soils are nearby where the clayey lacustrine deposits are underlain by sand at depths of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches).

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from negligible to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is low to moderately high (0.01 to 1.41 micrometers per second). Permeability is slow or very slow. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table a depth of 31 to 61 cm (1 to 2 feet) for some time in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Drained areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, oats, and hay. Undrained areas remain in pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods and conifers.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA 95A in east-central Wisconsin. These soils are of moderate extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Winnebago County, Wisconsin, 1977.

REMARKS:
12/04 Lab data (Cole) is need to determine if this soil is in a Vertic Subgroup.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches) (Ap); argillic horizon - 18 to 56 cm (7 to 22 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4); aquic feature redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation in the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon; mollic subgroup - Ap horizon with color value and chroma, moist, of less than 4 and color value, dry, less than 6.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.