LOCATION NOKASIPPI MN+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Epiaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Nokasippi loamy fine sand on a concave slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; black (10YR 2/1) loamy fine sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--9 to 14 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; very friable; few medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) Fe concentrations; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 10 to 16 inches.)
Bg1--14 to 25 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) fine sand; weak thick platy structure; very friable; few medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and brown (7.5YR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
2Bg2--25 to 38 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam; weak medium platy structure; friable; few yellowish red (5YR 4/6) coatings in old root channels; about 10 percent gravel; many coarse prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) Fe concentrations; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 24 inches thick)
2BC--38 to 48 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium platy structure; firm; few vertical streaks of dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sand; common black concretions; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual irregular boundary. (0 to 18 inches thick)
2BCd--48 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium platy with few vertical fractures 1 to 3 feet apart; very firm; common medium faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) and common medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) Fe depletions along ped faces; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Benton County, Minnesota; about 5 miles north and 1 mile east of Sauk Rapids; 1,840 feet south and 58 feet east of northwest corner, sec. 30, T. 37 N., R. 30 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to a dense till paralithic contact is 40 to 60 inches. Typically the sandy sediments contain 0 to 2 percent rock fragments by volume, but ranges to 15 percent. The 2B and 2C horizons contain 1 to 15 percent rock fragments. A stone line ranging to 8 inches in thickness and containing as much as 40 percent rock fragments commonly is at the contact between the two materials in many pedons. The mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 16 inches in thickness. The size of the sand in the A horizon and B horizon typically is fine and medium.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, chroma of 1. It is loamy fine sand, loamy sand, sandy loam, and fine sandy loam or their mucky analogues. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bg horizon and upper part of the 2Bg horizon have 10YR hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 1, or 2.5Y hue and chroma of 2. They have distinct or prominent redox features. The Bg horizon is loamy fine sand, fine sand, sand or loamy sand. The 2Bg horizon is loam, sandy loam or fine sandy loam. The Bg and 2Bg horizons range from strongly acid to neutral.
The 2BC horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 5. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam. It is moderately acid to neutral. It is friable to firm.
The 2BCd horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value and chroma of 3 to 5. It is sandy loam or fine sandy loam. It is moderately acid to neutral. It is very firm. Moist bulk density ranges from 1.80 to 2.00 g/cc.
COMPETING SERIES: These are Adolf, Parent, and Prebish,series. The Adolf, Parent, and Prebish soils do not have the sandy mantle in the upper third of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly concave slopes on drumlins or moraines. Slope gradients are 0 to 1 percent. The Nokasippi soils have formed in a sandy mantle of aeolian or lacustrine material and firm dense till of Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 37 to 45 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 24 to 30 inches. Frost-free days range from 90 to 150. Elevation above sea level ranges from 670 to 1450 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Bushville and Watab soils which form a drainage sequence with the Nokasippi soils. The moderately well drained Bushville soils are at the upland positions. The somewhat poorly drained Watab soils are typically more sloping and on higher lying positions than the Nokasippi soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly drained. Surface runoff is low to ponded. Permeability is rapid in the sandy material and very slow in the dense till. Saturation occurs at the surface during the months of April to June in normal years. Ponding is frequent for long duration in spring and fall.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is used for pasture. Native vegetation consisted of grasses and sedges, shrubs such as alder and willow, and a few scattered trees, mostly ash and elm.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRA-90. Central and north-central Minnesota. Inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Crow Wing County, Minnesota, 1960.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 14 inches (Ap and A horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 25 to 38 inches (2Bg2 horizon); paralithic contact - 48 inches (BCd horizon); aquic moisture regime and redox in the lower part of the mollic epipedon with low chroma immediately below the mollic epipedon.