LOCATION PATTER NV

Established Series
Rev. BKP/JBF
06/2016

PATTER SERIES

The Patter series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived primarily from welded tuff, and other mixed rocks. Patter soils are on alluvial fans, stream terraces, and flood plains. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 250 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Durinodic Xeric Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Patter loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 8 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; moderate thick platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; many very fine vesicular and few fine tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 15 cm thick)

A2--8 to 18 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine, and common medium roots; many fine and common medium tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear wavy boundary. (3 to 15 cm thick)

Bw--18 to 36 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine and fine interstitial and common very fine through medium tubular pores; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (18 to 36 cm thick)

Bqk1--36 to 69 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) paragravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine through medium tubular pores; common (15 percent) medium durinodes; 10 percent gravel; secondary carbonates segregated as common coats on bottoms of rock fragments and as few fine very pale brown (10YR 8/2) masses; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual smooth boundary. (33 to 51 cm thick)

Bqk2--69 to 107 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) very paragravelly loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine through medium tubular pores; many (25 percent) medium durinodes; 10 percent gravel; secondary carbonates and silica segregated as common coats on bottoms of rock fragments; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (25 to 38 cm thick)

C--107 to 152 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silt loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine through medium tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; about 3 miles west of Acoma in Panaca Flat; approximately 1,430 feet west and 1,820 feet north of the southeast corner of section 35, T. 4 S., R. 69 E.; USGS Acoma 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 33 minutes 14 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 13 minutes 55 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.55444 latitude, -114.231111 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall except for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September due to convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 9 to 12 degrees C.
Depth to secondary carbonates and durinodes: 25 to 50 cm.
Mineralogy: 5 to 20 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.05 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 10 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent.

A horizon
Value: 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.

Bw horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Texture: Very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam with 15 percent or more fine sand or coarser.
Rock fragments: 0to 15 percent gravel.
Structure: Weak to strong, medium to coarse subangular blocky parting to platy in some pedons.
Consistence: Soft or slightly hard, dry.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.

Bqk horizons
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Texture: Very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam with 15 percent or more fine sand or coarser.
Clay content: Averages 10 to 18 percent; thin sub-horizons have up to 25 percent clay in some pedons.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent gravel.
Pararock fragments: Up to 50 percent of the total rock fragment content can be paragravel composed of weakly cemented or moderately cemented durinodes.
Durinodes: 15 to 50 percent weakly cemented or moderately cemented silica nodules.
Structure: Massive or subangular blocky.
Consistence: Slightly hard or hard, dry, very friable through firm, moist, and nonsticky through moderately sticky, wet.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 10 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Secondary calcium carbonate: Masses or concretions of secondary calcium carbonate comprise less than 5 percent visible secondary carbonates.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.

C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Texture: Silt loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam.
Rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent gravel.
Pararock fragments: Up to 15 percent of the total rock fragment content can be paragravel composed of durinodes.
Clay content: 10 to 18 percent.
Consistence: Slightly plastic or moderately plastic.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 10 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Enko, Kerrfield, Orovada, Prineville, and Ultramont series.

Enko, Kerrfield, Orovada, and Prineville soils are not intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September due to convection storms. In addition, Enko soils have horizons with a continuous brittle matrix and hard, firm consistence. Kerrfield soils are moderately deep. Orovada soils do not have carbonates in the Bw horizon. Prineville soils are deep over water-laid sediments or tuffaceous sandstone. Ultramont soils have 40 percent or more medium through very coarse sand and 10 to 15 percent andesite gravel that are mostly 2 to 5 mm diameter.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Patter soils are on alluvial fans, stream terraces, and flood plains. These soils formed in alluvium derived primarily from welded tuff, and other mixed rocks. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Elevations range from 1,550 to 1,800 meters. The climate is semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, intermittently dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 200 to 300 mm, the mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C, and the frost-free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Geer, Heist, and Shroe soils. Geer soils do not have cambic horizons. Heist soils do not have horizons with durinodes. Shroe soils have mollic epipedons and argillic horizons.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Patter soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Potential native vegetation is Wyoming big sagebrush, Indian ricegrass, fourwing saltbush, rabbitbrush, and Nevada ephedra. This pedon is correlated to ecological site R029XY006NV, Loamy 8-10 P.Z.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Eastern Nevada. These soils are not extensive. The series concept and main acreage is in MLRA 29, while other acreage occurs in MLRA 28A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County (Meadow Valley Area), Nevada, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - The layer from the surface to 18 cm (A1 and A2 horizons).
Cambic horizon - The layer from 18 to 36 cm (Bw horizon).
Identifiable secondary carbonates and durinodes - The layer from 36 to 107 cm (Bqk1 and Bqk2 horizons).
Particle-size control section - The layer from 25 to 100 cm (Bqk1 horizon and parts of the Bw and Bqk2 horizons).

August 2008 revision moved the type location from the Meadow Valley Area to the Lincoln County, Nevada, South Part soil survey (NV754) for a typical pedon that is more representative of the series.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Previous authors and editors include ELS-DJM-JVC.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.