LOCATION SATT NVEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Calciargidic Argixerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Satt gravelly sandy loam--rangeland (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) The surface is covered with 30 percent gravel; lithology of the rock fragments is welded tuff.
A--0 to 9 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly sandy loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; strong very coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine, and few medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 30 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 18 cm thick)
Bt1--9 to 19 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) gravelly sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate thick platy structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, fine, and medium roots; many very fine and fine interstitial pores; many faint clay films bridging sand grains; 20 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--19 to 49 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm, very sticky and very plastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine interstitial pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds and around rock fragments; 55 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 23 to 44 cm thick)
Btk1--49 to 75 cm; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) moist; strong medium angular blocky structure; very hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine and fine interstitial pores; common distinct clay films on faces of peds, bridging sand grains, and around rock fragments; common (5 percent) fine secondary calcium carbonate concretions on the bottom of rock fragments; 65 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual smooth boundary. (10 to 35 cm thick)
Btk2--75 to 100 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) extremely gravelly sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine and fine interstitial pores; common distinct clay films bridging sand grains and around rock fragments; common (10 percent) secondary calcium carbonate concretions around rock fragments; 65 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of Btk horizons is 25 to 68 cm thick)
Ck--100 to 155 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine and fine interstitial pores; common (10 percent) fine and medium secondary calcium carbonate dendritic threads throughout the matrix; 65 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; 4 meters south of the jeep trail, 1,130 meters east of Lion Spring, 500 meters south of Seven Troughs Wash, west of the White Rock Mountain range; 530 meters west and 230 meters north of the southeast corner, sec. 28, T. 5 N., R. 70 E.; USGS Miller Canyon 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 38 degrees 15 minutes 35.9 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 8 minutes 33.2 seconds W; UTM zone 11, 750013e, 4238522n; NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually dry; moist in winter and spring, dry in all parts at least 45 consecutive days following the summer solstice (July and August), intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September due to summer convection storms; aridic bordering xeric moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 7 to 8 degrees C.
Mean summer soil temperature: 15 to 17 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 36 to 49 cm.
Depth to argillic horizon: 5 to 18 cm.
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 28 to 76 cm.
Particle-size control section - Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent mainly gravel. Lithology of fragments is welded tuff.
A horizon
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3, dry or moist.
Organic matter content: 2 to 4 percent.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.05 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Bt horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy clay.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 50 percent.
Organic matter content: 1 or 3 percent in the Bt1 horizon, 0.5 to 1 percent in the Bt2.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.05 to 0.09 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Btk horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Sandy clay loam or clay loam.
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 50 to 80 percent.
Secondary calcium carbonate: 5 to 20 percent concretions, usually around rock fragments.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline through strongly alkaline.
Mineralogy: 12 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.05 to 0.09 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Ck horizons
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 2 through 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4, dry or moist.
Texture: Sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or loamy coarse sand.
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 50 to 80 percent.
Structure: Massive or single grain.
Secondary calcium carbonate: 5 to 20 percent, usually as dendritic threads or concretions around rock fragments.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline through very strongly alkaline.
Mineralogy: 12 to 20 percent volcanic glass in the 0.02 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.01 to 0.05 percent Al plus 1/2Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dacont, Dacore, Derapter, Grube, Majuba and Swisbob series.
Dacont soils have 35 to 60 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section and have an average soil temperature of 4 to 7 degrees C. Dacore soils have a calcic horizon at 20 to 48 cm and an aridic bordering on xeric soil moisture regime. Derapter soils have a litic contact with basalt at 100 to 152 cm. Grube soils form in quartzite parent materials and have 60 to 80 percent rock fragments in the control section. Majuba soils form in metamorphic parent materials and have a lithic contact at 64 to 100 cm. Swisbob soils have less than 35 percent rock fragments in the argillic horizon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Satt soils are on summits, shoulders and upper backslopes of eroded fan remnants. These soils formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff and reworked lacustrine deposits. Slopes range from 4 to 30 percent. Elevations range from 1,900 to 2,100 meters. The climate is dry, sub-humid with cool moist winters and hot dry summers with the exception of 10 to 20 days cumulative between July and September due to summer convection storms. The mean annual precipitation is 300 to 350 mm, mean annual temperature is 6 to 7 degrees C., and the frost-free period is 70 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Decathon and Swisbob series. Decathon soils are shallow to a duripan and in a mesic temperature regime. Swisbob soils have less than 35 percent rock fragments in the control section.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; very high surface runoff; moderately slow permeability; moderately low saturated hydraulic conductivity.
USE AND VEGETATION: Satt soils are used for wildlife habitat and livestock grazing. Potential native vegetation is mountain big sagebrush, antelope bitterbrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg's bluegrass, and minor amounts of pinyon pine and Utah juniper. This pedon is correlated to Ecological Site R028AY088NV, Gravelly Clay 12-14 P.Z.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Nevada. These soils are moderately extensive. MLRA 28A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County (Meadow Valley Area), Nevada, 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from the surface to 49 cm (A, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons).
Argillic horizon: The zone from 9 to 100 cm (Bt1, Bt2, Btk1, and Btk2 horizons).
Identifiable secondary carbonates: The zone from 51 to 155 cm (Btk1, Btk2, and Ck horizons).
Particle-size control section: The zone from 9 to 59 cm (Bt1, Bt2, and Btk1 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Satt soils were formally classified as Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, frigid, Typic Durixerolls.