LOCATION SATUS WA
Established Series
Rev. JDC/RJE/TLA/RWL
09/2019
SATUS SERIES
Landscape--mountains
Landform--mountain slopes
Slope--5 to 60 percent
Parent material--thin mantle of volcanic ash and residuum and colluvium derived from basalt
Mean annual precipitation--about 760 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 6 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--xeric
Soil temperature regime--frigid
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, frigid Andic Haploxeralfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Satus stony ashy loam, forested, on a 43-percent, east-facing backslope at an elevation of 1000 m (All textures are apparent field textures.)
Oi--0 to 3 cm; slightly decomposed needles and twigs
A1--3 to 13 cm; very stony ashy loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine granular structure; soft, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 15 percent gravel and 12 percent stones; slightly acid (pH 6.2); NaF pH 10.3; clear smooth boundary
A2--13 to 25 cm; gravelly ashy loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; weakly smeary; many very fine and few fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 20 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); NaF pH 10.2; gradual wavy boundary
2AB--25 to 51 cm; gravelly loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) moist; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium roots; many very fine irregular pores; 25 percent gravel; slightly acid (pH 6.2); NaF pH 9.1; clear wavy boundary
2Bt1--51 to 86 cm; very gravelly loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; many very fine irregular pores and few very fine tubular pores; few faint clay films in pores; 45 percent gravel and 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid (pH 6.0); NaF pH 9.1; clear wavy boundary
2Bt2--86 to 109 cm; very gravelly loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry, dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) moist; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; common very fine irregular pores and few very fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films in pores; 45 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary
2Bt3--109 to 155 cm; very gravelly loam, light reddish brown (5YR 6/3) dry, dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots; common fine irregular pores; few faint clay films in pores; 55 percent gravel; moderately acid (pH 5.8); NaF pH 8.9
TYPE LOCATION: Klickitat County, Washington, about 13 km north of Goldendale; about 60 m west of the northeast corner of section 15, T. 5 N., R. 16 E.; latitude 45 degrees, 55 minutes, 36 seconds north and longitude 120 degrees, 46 minutes, 54 seconds west
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--6 to 8 degrees C
Soil moisture control section--dry in all parts 60 to 75 consecutive days during the 4 months following summer solstice in 6 years or more out of 10 years
Volcanic ash influence--20 to 35 cm thick; estimated moist bulk density of 0.65 to 0.90 g/cm3, volcanic glass content of 15 to 30 percent, acid oxalate aluminum plus one-half iron of 1 to 2 percent, phosphorus retention of 50 to 75 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 8 to 12 percent
Particle-size control section--35 to 55 percent rock fragments (weighted average), including 0 to 10 percent cobbles, stones, and boulders; 10 to 20 percent clay
Rock fragment content below a depth of 100 cm--40 to 60 percent, including 0 to 10 percent cobbles and stones
Reaction--5.6 to 6.5 throughout
A horizon
Hue--2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--2 or 3 dry or moist
Combined thickness--18 to 35 cm
2AB horizon
Thickness--18 to 35 cm
2Bt horizon
Hue--2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value--5 or 6 dry
Chroma--3 or 4 dry or moist
Texture--very gravelly loam, very gravelly silt loam
Combined thickness--greater than 80 cm
COMPETING SERIES:
Baileycreek--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a paralithic contact (basalt); 20 to 26 percent clay in particle-size control section
Goshawk--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (andesite); 30 to 60 percent volcanic glass in upper 20 to 35 cm
Jorge--100 to 150 cm or more (deep and very deep) to a paralithic contact (vesicular andesitic agglomerate); dry more than 75 consecutive days following summer solstice
McDanielake--phosphate retention less than 40 percent in the andic material
Nebopeak--55 to 85 percent glass in andic material
Payraise--55 to 85 percent glass in andic material
Pinuscreek--100 to 150 cm (deep) to a lithic contact (basalt, andesite)
Ranes--55 to 85 percent glass in andic material
Weste--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt); dry more than 90 consecutive days following summer solstice
Yamash--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a paralithic contact (basalt)
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--dominantly 975 to 1375 m, but ranges from 610 to 1525 m
Climate--cool, dry summers; cold, moist winters; snow cover in December through April
Mean annual precipitation--640 to 890 mm
Mean January air temperature--about -6 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 15 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 4 to 7 degrees C
Frost-free season--80 to 110 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Grandpon--on mountains; volcanic ash influence 64 to 89 cm thick; andic soil properties
Maydol--on plateaus; mollic epipedon; mesic soil temperature regime
Pird--on mountains; cryic soil temperature regime
Suta--on canyon side slopes; mesic soil temperature regime
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--mainly timber production, livestock grazing, wildlife habitat, and recreation
Native vegetation--mainly Douglas-fir, grand fir, ponderosa pine, western larch, pinegrass, prince's pine, common snowberry, elk sedge, snowbrush ceanothus, and oceanspray
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Klickitat and Yakima Counties, Washington; MLRA 6; moderate extent
SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Klickitat County, Washington; 2003
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Umbric epipedon--zone from 3 to 25 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 25 to 51 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from 3 to 25 cm; mixed mineralogy
*Argillic horizon--zone from 51 to 155 cm; isotic mineralogy
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Partial laboratory data--pedon number 87P0062, National Soil Survey Laboratory
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.