LOCATION STORDEN MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Eutrudepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Storden loam, on a convex slope of 8 percent, on a ground moraine, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry: weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 25 cm thick (7 to 10 inches)]
Bk1--18 to 86 cm (7 to 34 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) relict Fe concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine threads and coats of calcium carbonate; about 3 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk2--86 to 140 cm (34 to 55 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; few fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) relic Fe concentrations and common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) relict Fe depletions; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine threads and coats of calcium carbonate; about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bk horizons is 15 to 152 cm (6 to 60 inches)]
C--140 to 203 cm (55 to 80 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) relict Fe concentrations and common fine distinct gray (10YR 6/1) relict Fe depletions; massive; friable; about 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Renville County, Minnesota; about 2 miles east of Morton; located about 466 m (1,530 feet) north and 99 m (325 feet) west of southeast corner of sec. 33, T. 113 N., R. 34 W.; USGS Morton topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 32 minutes 46 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 56 minutes 07 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Carbonates are in all horizons. It is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline throughout. The profile has 2 to 10 percent by volume, rock fragments of mixed lithology. The clay content of the particle size control section ranges from 18 to 27 percent and the sand content ranges from 30 to 40 percent. Clay sized carbonates make up 1 to 4 percent of the total clay content.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loam, silt loam or clay loam.
The Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y with value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 3 to 6. It is loam or clay loam. Redoximorphic features are relict in this horizon. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 15 to 25 percent and is 5 percent or more than the C horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 to 6. The texture is loam or clay loam. It has 18 to 30 percent clay and less than 40 percent total sand. The moderately coarse substratum phase has textures of loam, fine sandy loam or sandy loam. It has 12 to 22 percent clay and more than 40 percent total sand. The moderately fine substratum phase has textures of loam or clay loam. It has 20 to 30 percent clay and less than 45 percent total sand. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. Redox features are considered as relic as they do not relate to present day soil saturation. It is friable or firm based on the geomorphic surface it occurs on.
COMPETING SERIES: There are the Gardenisle and Hennepin series. Gardenisle soils have a lithic contact at depths of 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches). Hennepin soils do not have an accumulation of secondary carbonates below the ochric epipedon.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have convex slopes with gradients of 4 to 70 percent. They are on glacial moraines. They formed in calcareous, loamy, Des Moines Lobe glacial till of Late Wisconsinan Age. Mean annual air temperature ranges from7 to 10 degrees C (45 to 50 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 635 to 813 mm (25 to 32 inches). Frost-free period ranges from 155 to 200 days. Elevation ranges from 244 to 479 m (800 to 1,570 feet).
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Belview, Clarion, Delft, Nicollet, Omsrud, Swanlake and Webster soils. The well drained Belview and Swanlake soils have a mollic epipedon. The well drained Clarion and Omsrud soils have a mollic epipedon and are not calcareous in the upper part. Delft and Webster soils are poorly drained and on footslopes and swales. Nicollet soils are on lower summits or sideslope positions and are somewhat poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity, measured in micrometers per second, is 4.23 to 14.11 (.6 to 2.0 inches) grading to 1.41 to 4.23 (.2 to .6 inches) in the friable till and 1.41 to 4.23 (.2 to .6 inches) in the firm till.
USE AND VEGETATION: Less sloping areas are mostly used to grow corn and soybeans. The steeper areas are used for pasture. Native vegetation is tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Minnesota and north-central Iowa. This series is extensive in MLRA 103.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Le Sueur County, Minnesota, 1944.
REMARKS: REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon-the zone from the surface to 18 cm (7 inches) (Ap horizon); cambic horizon-the zone from 18to 140 cm (7 to 55 inches) (Bk horizons); udic moisture regime.
Currently, a firm clay loam till C horizon is associated with the Gary moraine in Minnesota. A friable loam till C horizon is associated with the Bemis and Altamont moraines in Minnesota. A glacial till study and distribution of similar soils by geomorphic areas in Minnesota and Iowa is needed to more accurately characterize this series by landform
The redoximorphic features occurring in these soils do not reflect present day soil saturation for one month or more.
Where Storden soils are not cultivated, the Belview series should be considered as they have a mollic epipedons.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record MN0063.