LOCATION TIBAN MT

Established Series
Rev. JB-JJU-RJS
09/2011

TIBAN SERIES

The Tiban series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in colluvium, alluvium, till or slide deposits derived from mixed rock sources. These soils are on escarpments, mountain slopes, hills, ridges, alluvial fans, stream terraces, fan remnants and moraines. Slopes are 0 to 75 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 18 inches, and mean annual air temperature is about 42 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive Ustic Haplocryolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Tiban stony clay loam, grassland (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A--0 to 4 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/2) stony clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) coatings moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to fine granules; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; 35 percent subangular gravel, cobbles and stones; neutral; clear boundary. (3 to 12 inches thick)

Bw--4 to 13 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very gravelly clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine roots; many very fine pores; 35 percent gravel and cobbles; many clear silt and fine sand grains; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (7 to 21 inches thick)

Bk--13 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very gravelly clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; brown (10YR 4/3) moist coatings; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots (roots matted around rocks); few very fine pores; 45 percent gravel; common distinct calcium carbonate coatings with incrustation on undersides of gravel, and common fine masses of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (10 to 40 inches thick)

C--23 to 60 inches; light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) very gravelly clay loam, red (2.5YR 4/6) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine roots; few very fine pores; 50 percent angular gravel, cobbles and stones of limestone, quartzite, and sandstone; calcium carbonate coats on the underside of rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Carbon County, Montana; S 1/4 of sec. 23, T. 7S, R. 27E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature - 35 to 45 degrees F.
Mean annual summer soil temperature - 50 to 55 degrees F.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 7 to 15 inches
Depth to Bk horizon - 13 to 32 inches

Note: The C horizon may be below 60 inches in some pedons.

A horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR or 2.5YR; dry or moist
Value: 3 to 5 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3; dry or moist
Texture: clay loam or loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 70 percent--10 to 65 percent gravel or channers, 0 to 30 percent cobbles and stones
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 7.3

Bw horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR or 2.5YR; dry or moist
Value: 4 to 7 dry; 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4; dry or moist
Texture: loam, clay loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 60 percent--15 to 50 percent gravel, 0 to 20 percent cobbles and stones
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 8 percent
Reaction: pH 6.1 to 8.4

Bk horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR or 2.5YR; dry or moist
Value: 4 to 8 dry; 3 to 7 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4; dry or moist
Texture: loam, clay loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 80 percent--15 to 60 percent gravel or channers, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, flagstones and stones
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4

C horizon
Hue: 10YR, 7.5YR, 5YR or 2.5YR; dry or moist
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4; dry or moist
Texture: loam or clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 15 to 80 percent--15 to 60 percent gravel or channers, 0 to 20 percent cobbles, flagstones and stones
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4

COMPETING SERIES:
Antrobus (CO) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation
Grafen (CO) - moderately deep to paralithic contact
Greyback (WY) - have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Handran (CO) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation
Maurice (MT) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation
Mccort (WY) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation
Midelight (WY) - are deep to a lithic contact
Parachute (CO) - are moderately deep to a lithic contact
Sebud (MT) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation
Supervisor (NM) - are moderately deep to a lithic contact
Surdal (MT) - are moderately deep to a lithic contact
Teemat (WY) - have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section
Thornburgh (CO) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation
Tineman (WY) - have a lithologic discontinuity
Vanwirt (CO) - do not have secondary calcium carbonate accumulation

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - escarpments, mountain slopes, hills, ridges, alluvial fans, stream terraces, fan remnants and moraines
Elevation - 5,000 to 8,300 feet
Slope - 0 to 75 percent
Parent material - colluvium, alluvium, till or slide deposits derived from mixed rock sources
Climate - long, cold winters, cool moist springs, short summers
Mean annual precipitation - 14to 25 inches
Mean annual air temperature - 34 to 45 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 30 to 70 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Babb, Duncom, and Tarrete soils. Babb soils are fine-loamy and have a calcic horizon. Duncom soils are shallow to a lithic contact, are loamy, and have a calcic horizon. Tarrete soils are very fine and formed in material from red shale. These soils are on similar landforms.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: Tiban soils are used mainly for native grass range for summer grazing. Potential native vegetation is mainly short and mid grasses and forbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Tiban soils are of moderate extent in the southern mountain areas of Montana. MLRAs - 43B, 44B, 46.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Carbon County (Bridger Area), Montana, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from 0 to 13 inches (A, Bw horizons)
Horizon of secondary calcium carbonate accumulation - from 13 to 23 inches (Bk horizon)
Particle-size control section - from 10 to 40 inches (part of Bw, Bk, part of C horizons)

Tiban soils have a cryic temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretations Records - MT0604, MT0605.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.