LOCATION TOPPENISH               WA

Established Series
Rev. JJR/KDPL/MPR
09/2019

TOPPENISH SERIES

Landscape--valleys
Landform--flood plains
Slope--0 to 5 percent
Parent material--mixed alluvium
Mean annual precipitation--about 200 cm
Mean annual air temperature--about 11 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained
Soil moisture regime--aquic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--typic

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Toppenish silt loam in an area of irrigated cropland

Ap--0 to 15 cm; silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate thin and medium platy structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many roots; common fine pores; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary

BA--15 to 43 cm; clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure; moderately hard, friable, sticky and plastic; many roots; common fine pores; discontinuous clay films and slickensides on surfaces of peds; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary

Bg1--43 to 79 cm; silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few roots; few medium pores; few gravel-sized fragments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual wavy boundary

2Bg2--79 to 107 cm; very gravelly clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, sticky and plastic; few roots; few medium pores; 40 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); gradual wavy boundary

3C--107 to 150 cm; extremely gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; 80 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8)

TYPE LOCATION: Yakima County, Washington, about 1 km south of Highway 22 and 60 m east of Myers Road; in the NW1/4 of the NW1/4 of section 23, T. 10 N., R. 20 E., Willamette Meridian

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm--8 to 13 degrees C
Reaction--7.4 to 9.0; decreases with depth
Average content of coarse fragments in particle-size control section--10 to 15 percent
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 60 cm

Ap and BA horizons
Value--4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma--1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture--silt loam, silty clay loam, clay loam
Structure--platy, prismatic
Thickness of Ap horizon--10 to 20 cm
Thickness of BA horizon--20 to 41 cm

Bg horizon
Value--4 to 6 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma--1 or 2 dry or moist
Redoximorphic concentrations--common or many, distinct or prominent
Texture--silt loam, clay loam
Structure--subangular blocky, prismatic
Thickness of Bg1 horizon--25 to 56 cm
Thickness of 2Bg2 horizon--5 to 30 cm

C horizon
Hue--10YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma--1 to 4 dry or moist
Texture--extremely gravelly sandy loam, extremely gravelly sand

COMPETING SERIES:
Ambraw--firm consistence; pH of 6.1 to 7.3 in upper part of particle-size control section; noncalcareous in all parts of calcareous control section
Gansner--pH less than 7.3 in upper part of particle-size control section
Ozamis, Settlemeyer--solum less than 100 cm thick
Sloan--firm consistence; noncalcareous in all parts of calcareous control section

Series that has similar classification
Kittitas--calcareous in all parts of control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--210 to 550 m
Climate--warm, dry summers; cold, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--150 to 250 mm
Mean January air temperature--about -2 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 23 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--about 11 degrees C
Frost-free season--130 to 180 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Fiander, Wahtum--natric horizon
Naches--well drained; argillic horizon underlain by very gravelly sand at a depth of 50 to 100 cm

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained
Flooding--occasional frequency, brief duration from November to April
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high in solum, very high in 3C horizon

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--irrigated crop production in drained areas; livestock grazing in natural areas
Crops--corn, peas, sugar beets, hay, pasture
Native vegetation--water-tolerant grasses

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Washington; MLRA 8; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Yakima County, Washington; 1947

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Mollic epipedon--zone from the surface to a depth of 43 cm
*Cambic horizon--zone from 43 to 107 cm
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.