LOCATION TRENT                   SD+IA MN NE

Established Series
Rev. JLD-GJJ-PMW
05/2011

TRENT SERIES

The Trent series consists of very deep, well and moderately well drained soils that formed in loess on uplands and in swales. Slopes range from 0 to 6 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 585 millimeters. Mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Trent silty clay loam, on a plane, west-facing slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 centimeters (0 to 7 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--18 to 38 centimeters (7 to 15 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw1--38 to 58 centimeters (15 to 23 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--58 to 71 centimeters (23 to 28 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine and fine tubular pores; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw3--71 to 99 centimeters (28 to 39 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine tubular pores; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist redox concentrations; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bw4--99 to 117 centimeters (39 to 46 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist redox concentrations and few fine prominent light olive gray (5Y 6/2) moist redox depletions; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium and coarse subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bkg--117 to 132 centimeters (46 to 52 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; common very fine tubular pores; 7.0 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; common fine and medium rounded soft masses of carbonate; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist redox concentrations and common fine and medium distinct gray (5Y 6/1) moist redox depletions; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Cg--132 to 203 centimeters (52 to 80 inches); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; common very fine and fine tubular pores; 6.0 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; few fine rounded soft masses of carbonate and few fine irregular very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) soft masses of iron-manganese throughout; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist , common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist redox concentrations, and common fine and medium distinct gray (5Y 6/1) moist redox depletions; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 102C-Loess Uplands; Minnehaha County, South Dakota; about 8 miles east and 1 mile north of Baltic; located about 890 feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of section 35, T. 104 N., R. 48 W.; USGS Dell Rapids SE, SD topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 46 minutes 25 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 33 minutes 9 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of mollic epipedon--50 to 100 centimeters, extends into the upper part of the B horizon
Depth to carbonates--75 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of series control section--averages about 30 percent clay, but ranges from 27 to 35 percent


Ap, A horizons:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3 moist, 3 or 4 dry
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--typically silty clay loam, but silt loam in some pedons
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 7.3
Thickness--30 to 50 centimeters

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 to 5 moist, 3 to 6 dry
Chroma--1 to 4
Texture--typically silty clay loam in the upper part, silt loam in the lower part
Redox features--vary in size and contrast, typically below 60 centimeters
Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.8
Thickness--45 to 115 centimeters
Some pedons have a BC horizon with colors and texture of the Bw horizon

Bkg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Calcium carbonates--few to many
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--15 to 50 centimeters

Cg horizon (if present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6 moist, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Redox features--few to many, fine to medium and faint to prominent
Reaction--pH 6.6 to 8.4

Some pedons have a 2C horizon of loam or clay loam glacial till at depths of more than 100 centimeters

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Duroc, Eltree, Graceville, Viborg, and Yankton series.
Duroc--have a drier soil moisture control section and calcium carbonates within 75 centimeters.
Eltree--have calcium carbonates within 40 centimeters.
Graceville--do not have redox features between depths of 50 and 100 centimeters.
Viborg and Yankton--have fine-loamy particle size within depths of 65 to 100 centimeters.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loess
Landform--plain and concave slopes in the upland
Slope--0 to 6 percent
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--510 to 660 millimeters

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Chancellor, Crofton, Egan, Moody, Nora, and Wentworth soils.
Chancellor--have a more moist soil moisture control section and are in the fine textured family
Crofton--are on steeper convex slopes in the more rolling and hilly landscape and do not have a mollic epipedon
Egan, Moody, Nora, and Wentworth--have mollic epipedons less than 50 centimeters thick and are on the higher landscape positions

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--Well and moderately well drained
Well drained--saturation does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters (6 feet) during the wettest periods in normal years.
Moderately well drained--have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.9 to 1.8 meters (3 to 6 feet) in normal years
Most areas of these soils receive runoff from adjoining higher areas
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second
Runoff--low

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for corn, soybeans, small grain, and alfalfa. Native grasses include big bluestem, little bluestem, green needlegrass, sideoats grama, western wheatgrass, and sedges.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Sections--Dissected Till Plains, Western Lake
MLRAs--Till Plains (102B),
Loess Uplands (102C)
LRR M; Southeastern South Dakota, southwestern Minnesota, northwestern Iowa, and northeastern Nebraska
Extent--moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clay County, South Dakota, 1953.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of about 58 centimeters (Ap, A, Bw1 horizon);
cambic horizon--the zone from 58 to 120 centimeters (Bw2, Bw3, Bw4);
ustic moisture regime--aquic conditions do not occur within 100 cm in most years. (transitional to udic soil moisture regime)

Responsible MLRA SSO 10-3 (Stanton, Nebraska)

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, eleventh edition, 2010.

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska
Pedons 57SD099002, 57SD099003, 84NE107009

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.