LOCATION WAULD OR

Established Series
Rev. GLG/AON
06/2011

WAULD SERIES

The Wauld series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum and colluvium weathered from basalt. Wauld soils are on north slopes of uplands and have slopes of 30 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 65 inches. Mean annual air temperature is about 51 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, isotic, mesic Typic Humudepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Wauld very gravelly loam, wooded. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Oi--0 to 1 inch; slightly decomposed litter of twigs, needles, and leaves.

A--1 to 7 inches; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) very gravelly loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many very fine irregular pores; 50 percent gravel; 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 10 inches thick)

Bw1--7 to 15 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) extremely gravelly clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel, 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.4); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 15 inches thick)

Bw2--15 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) extremely gravelly clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine and very fine roots; many very fine tubular pores; 50 percent gravel, 25 percent cobbles; slightly acid (pH 6.2); abrupt irregular boundary. (6 to 20 inches thick)

2R--31 inches; fractured basalt.

TYPE LOCATION: Multnomah County, Oregon; along Wildwood Trail in the NE1/4 SW1/4 SW1/4 section 13, T.1N., R.1W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature is 52 to 54 degrees F. The soils are usually moist, but commonly are dry between depths of 4 and 12 inches for short periods of less than 45 consecutive days during the summer. The depth to bedrock is 20 to 40 inches. The umbric epipedon is 10 to 20 inches thick. The particle-size control section is loam or clay loam and averages 18 to 30 percent clay and 35 to 75 percent rock fragments.

The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2 moist and dry. It is very gravelly loam or very gravelly silt loam. It has granular or subangular blocky structure.

The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist, 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 2 through 4 moist and dry. It is very gravelly loam or very gravelly clay loam. Rock fragments range from 20 to 55 percent gravel, 10 to 25 percent cobbles, and 0 to 10 percent stones.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aschoff, Brightwood, Harrington, Klickitat, Millicoma, Nordby, Spivey, and Summers series. Aschoff soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock and have evidence of amorphous clays. Brightwood soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle size control section. Harrington soils have hue of 5YR in the B horizon. Klickitat soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock, have hue redder than 7.5YR in the B horizon, and are strongly acid or very strongly acid. Millicoma soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to a paralithic contact. Nordby soils formed in glacial material and have soils less than 18 percent clay in the particle size control section. Spivey soils are deeper than 40 inches to bedrock. Summers soils have less than 18 percent clay in the particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: The Wauld soils are commonly on north-facing escarpments along the Columbia River and its major tributaries at elevations of 250 to 1,000 feet. Slopes range from 30 to 70 percent. The soils formed in eolian material mixed with colluvium from mixed sources and residuum weathered from basalt. The mean January temperature is 36 degrees F., mean july temperature is 64 degrees F and the mean annual temperature is 50 to 52 degrees F. The mean annual precipitation is 60 to 70 inches. The frost-free season is 145 to 200 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Goble and Cascade soils. Goble and Cascade soils lack coarse fragments and have fragipans.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; rapid to very rapid runoff; moderate permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: Woodland, wildlife habitat, and recreation. Native vegetation is Douglas-fir, red alder, bigleaf maple, western redcedar, western hemlock, vine maple, creambush oceanspray, Cascade Oregon grape, cherry, salal, swordfern, and forbs.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Oregon; MLRA 1. The series is moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Multnomah County, Oregon, 1977.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features;
Umbric epipedon from 1 to 15 inches
Cambic horizon from 15 to 31 inches

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.