LOCATION YEDDO                   IN

Established Series
Rev. MLW-WDH-TJE
11/2021

YEDDO SERIES

The Yeddo series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loess and are underlain by loamy till at a depth of greater than 152 cm (60 inches). Yeddo soils are on till plains and outwash plains. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1016 mm (40 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.6 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aeric Endoaqualfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Yeddo silt loam, on a convex, 1 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 232 meters (760 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; many fine roots throughout; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese masses; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 25 cm (6 to 10 inches) thick]

E--20 to 23 cm (8 to 9 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common fine roots throughout; few medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese masses; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. [0 to 25 cm (10 inches) thick]

Btg--23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots throughout; common fine pores; common distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese masses; common faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt1--36 to 56 cm (14 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; common fine roots throughout; common fine pores; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fillings in root channels; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese masses; many medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--56 to 86 cm (22 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots throughout; few fine pores; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese masses; many medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay depletions on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt3--86 to 114 cm (34 to 45 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) iron-manganese masses; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Btg and Bt horizons is 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches).]

C1--114 to 140 cm (45 to 55 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; massive; friable; few carbonate nodules; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

C2--140 to 193 cm (55 to 76 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; massive; friable; few carbonate nodules; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the C horizon in loess is 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches).]

2C3--193 to 203 cm (76 to 80 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) loam; massive; firm; many medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 2 percent rock fragments; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Montgomery County, Indiana; about 2 miles south and 3/4 mile west of Waynetown; 2,380 feet west and 2,440 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 27, T. 19 N., R. 6 W.; USGS Waynetown, Indiana topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 3 minutes 35.44 seconds N. and long. 87 degrees 4 minutes 54.16 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 493030 easting and 4434407 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess: more than 152 cm (60 inches); generally is less than 203 cm (80 inches) thick
Depth to the top of the argillic horizon: less than 61 cm (24 inches)
Thickness of the solum: 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 66 to 140 cm (26 to 55 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 27 to 35 percent clay
Series control section: sand content is less than 10 percent in all horizons to a depth of 152 cm (60 inches)

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt or Btg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6; coatings on faces of peds have chroma of 1 or 2 and other redox features have chroma of 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 20 to 30 percent in the upper part, ranging to 15 percent in the lower part
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part; moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part

The BC horizon, where present, is neutral to slightly alkaline.

C or Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

2C or 2Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or loam
Sand content: 25 to 55 percent
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent, mainly subrounded or angular fragments of siltstone, sandstone, limestone, or crystalline rocks 6 mm to 8 cm (1/4 inch to 3 inches) in diameter
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are Aptakisic, Caseyville, Creal, Fitchville, Iva, Kendall, Starks, Stronghurst, and Waynetown series. Aptakisic, Fitchville, Kendall, and Starks soils average more than 10 percent sand in some horizon within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Caseyville, Iva, and Stronghurst soils do not have carbonates within a depth of 140 cm (55 inches). Creal soils are more than 61 cm (24 inches) to the top of the argillic horizon. Waynetown soils have rock fragments within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Yeddo soils are on loess covered till plains or outwash plains (See REMARKS) that have a slightly convex surface. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Yeddo soils formed in more than 152 cm (60 inches) of loess and are underlain by loam or silt loam till within a depth of 203 cm (80 inches). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 914 to 1067 mm (36 to 42 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.0 to 12.2 degrees C (50 to 54 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Alford, Birkbeck, Camden, Fincastle, Iona, Ragsdale, Reesville, St. Charles, Sylvan, Whitson, and Xenia soils. The well drained Alford and Sylvan soils are typically on steeper slopes. The moderately well drained Birkbeck and Xenia soils, the well drained Camden and St. Charles soils, and the somewhat poorly drained Fincastle and Reesville soils have a thinner loess mantle. The moderately well drained Iona soils have profiles that are less gray. The poorly drained Ragsdale soils have mollic epipedons and are in concave positions. The poorly drained Whitson soils have dominantly gray profiles and are in lower lying areas.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of an intermittent apparent high water table ranges from 15 to 61 cm (0.5 to 2.0 feet) during the winter and spring in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high. Permeability is moderate in the loess and moderately slow in the underlying till.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, wheat, and meadow are the main crops. A relatively small proportion is in permanent pasture or in woodland. In areas that are forested, oaks and maple are the most common tree species. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 111D and 114B in south-central and western Indiana. The type location is in MLRA 111D. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Fountain County, Indiana, 1999.

REMARKS: These soils were originally mapped as Reesville series. Results of field investigation indicate the till is not within the solum and is below a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). These properties are outside the concept for Reesville soils. Many other areas of Reesville soils in western Indiana will likely also be converted to Yeddo series. The underlying till material is outside the series control section. In addition to occurring on till plains and outwash plains in the area of the typical pedon, these soils will likely be mapped on lake plains in unglaciated areas in Indiana and in Illinois.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 23 cm (Ap and E horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 23 to 86 cm (Btg, Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).
Aquic conditions: redox depletions and/or redox concentrations in all horizons below a depth of 20 cm.

Representative NASIS data mapunit for this pedon is DMU ID 153429 in MO 11.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Typical Pedon sampled for Purdue University Lab, West Lafayette, Indiana, Soil No. S80IN107-15-(1-7). Additional laboratory characterization data include; S59IN23-1-(1-9), S59IN23-8-(1-9), S76IN83-11-(1-6), S80IN125-28-(1-6), and S84IN171-11-(1-7).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.