LOCATION ABBYVILLE KSEstablished Series
The Abbyville series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, slowly permeable soils that formed in loamy alluvium on terraces and high flood plains in river valleys of the Great Bend Sand Plains (MLRA 79). Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 29 inches (74 centimeters), and the mean annual temperature is 56 degrees F (13 degrees C).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Leptic Natrustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Abbyville loam on a planar, 0 percent slope in native grass. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 centimeters); dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots throughout; 17 percent clay; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. ( 2 to 9 inches thick; 5 to 23 centimeters thick)
Btknz1--8 to 15 inches (20 to 38 centimeters); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; 23 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous brown (10YR 5/3), moist,clay films on vertical faces of peds and few prominent continuous very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2), moist, organic coats on faces of peds and in pores; common fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) iron-manganese concretions pedogenic throughout and common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and common fine irregular halite crystals throughout; very slightly effervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
Btknz2--15 to 24 inches (38 to 60 centimeters); pale brown (10YR 6/3) clay loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; many fine and medium prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist irregular redoximorphic depletions throughout and common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine and fine roots between peds; 28 percent clay; few faint continuous brown (10YR 5/3), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine rounded iron-manganese concretions throughout and common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and common fine irregular halite crystals throughout; very slightly effervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btknz3--24 to 36 inches (60 to 90 centimeters); light gray (2.5Y 7/2) clay loam, light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist; common medium and coarse prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots between peds; 32 percent clay; few distinct continuous grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and few distinct discontinuous brown (10YR 5/3), moist, skeletans on vertical faces of peds; few fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and common fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese throughout and common fine irregular halite crystals throughout; very slightly effervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btknz4--36 to 50 inches (90 to 125 centimeters); light gray (2.5Y 7/2), interior, clay loam; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist many medium and coarseprominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; 30 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2), moist, clay films on vertical faces of peds and few distinct discontinuous grayish brown (10YR 5/2), moist, skeletans on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and common fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese throughout and common fine irregular halite crystals throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btkn1--50 to 62 inches (125 to 155 centimeters); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; many medium and coarse prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist irregular redoximorphic depletions throughout and common fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightlyplastic; 23 percent clay; few faint patchy clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and few fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Btkn2--62 to 70 inches (155 to 175 centimeters); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; common fine and medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist irregular redoximorphic depletions throughout and many fine and medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist irregular redoximorphic concentrations throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 25 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; common fine irregular carbonate concretions throughout and common fine irregular soft masses of iron-manganese throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal); strongly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Btkn3--70 to 80 inches (175 to 203 centimeters); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), interior, clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4), interior, moist; common fine prominent light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) moist irregular redoximorphic depletions throughout; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; 32 percent clay; few distinct discontinuous clay films on vertical faces of peds; common medium irregular carbonate concretions throughout; noneffervescent throughout (HCl, 1 normal) strongly alkaline; ( combined thickness of the Btn horizons is 20 to 78 inches; 51 to 198 centimeters thick)
TYPE LOCATION: Reno County, Kansas; about 6 miles (9.7 kilometers) west of Hutchinson; 2600 feet (792 meters) north and 300 feet (91 meters) east of the southwest corner of sec. 2 T. 23 S. R. 7 W. (USGS Yaggy topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 4 minutes 45 seconds N. and long. 98 degrees 4 minutes 2.5 seconds W.)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: ustic moisture regime (bordering on udic)
Soil temperature regime: mesic (bordering on thermic)
Mean annual soil temperature: 56 to 58 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Particle-size control section: clay content: 18 to 32 percent
Depth to bedrock: greater than 80 inches (203 centimeters)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 0 to 15 inches (0 to 38 centimeters)
Thickness of the ochric epipedon: 2 to 9 inches (5 to 23 centimeters)
Water table:
depth is 2.0 to 4.0 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters),
kind is apparent,
months are Feb. - June
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 6 (dry) 2 to 4 (moist)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam or fine sandy loam
SAR: 2 to 8
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Btkn horizon:
Hue: 2.5Y or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7 (dry) 4 to 6 (moist)
Chroma: Matrix: 2 to 4
Redox: 6 to 8
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 2 percent
SAR: 13 to 25
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
Some pedons may contain Ap, BC, C, 2Ab, or 2Btnb horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: The Arave (UT) series has a lower mean annual soil temperature, and less mean annual precipitation.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Abbyville soils
Parent material: loamy alluvium
Landform: terraces in river valleys
Slopes: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 1515 to 1805 feet (461.8 to 550.2 meters)
Mean annual air temperature: 55 to 57 degrees F (13 to 14 degrees C).
Mean annual precipitation: 24 to 35 inches (61 to 89 centimeters)
Wettest months: Mar. - Oct.
Driest months: Nov. - Feb.
Frost-free period: 187 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Darlow and Kisiwa series. Darlow soils have a high shrink swell potential in the upper 40 inches (102 centimeters), and do not have a seasonal high water table. They are on slightly higher positions. Poorly drained Kisiwa soils have high shrink swell potential in the upper 40 inches (102 centimeters).
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Somewhat poorly drained.
Runoff is low.
Permeability is slow.
Apparent water table occurs with an upper limit ranging from 24 to 36 inches (61 to 91 centimeters) from February to June.
Some areas are rarely flooded with brief duration.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in native grass. Native vegetation consists of mid and tall, salt-tolerant grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South Central Kansas. LRR H Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range, MLRA 79 Great Bend Sand Plains. The series is of
small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Reno County, Kansas, 1990. The name is from a community in Reno County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 8 inches (0 to 20 centimeters) (A)
Natric horizon: The zone from 8 to 80 inches (20 to 203 centimeters) (Btknz1, Btknz2, Btknz3, Btknz4, Btkn1, Btkn2, Btkn3,)
Water table: The presence of an apparent water table from 2.0 to 4.0 feet (0.6 to 1.2 meters) during the months of Feb. - Jun.
Keys to Soil Taxonomy: Ninth edition, 2003
ADDITIONAL DATA:
ABBYVILLE SERIES
LRR=H
DATE: 06/13/95
Paul, JCW redescribed 89KS155011 and reclassified abbyville as an aquic natrustalf. Change first and geographic setting paragraphs and inserted new profile description.
3/30/99 established series
11/2003 WAW: Revised classification to Leptic Natrustolls. The 8 inches of mollic colors is more than 1/3 of the depth to pedogenic carbonates and qualifies as thick enough for a mollic epipedon. Other laboratory data from the Kansas State University Soil Characterization Laboratory also supports these soils as having mollic epipedons.