LOCATION ANAHUAC TX

Established Series
GWC-CLN-RM
07/2014

ANAHUAC SERIES

The Anahuac series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils. These nearly level to very gently sloping soils formed in loamy fluviomarine deposits derived from the Beaumont Formation. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 20.5 degrees C (degrees 69 F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1397 mm (55 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, hyperthermic Oxyaquic Glossudalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Anahuac very fine sandy loam--cropland (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 17 cm (0 to 7 in); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; few fine and very fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

A--17 to 36 cm (7 to 14 in); dark brown (10YR 3/3) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; few fine and very fine pores; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Ap and A horizons is 24 to 47 cm [10 to 19 in])

E--36 to 46 cm (14 to 18 in); brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine and very fine pores; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (9 to 44 cm [4 to 17 in] thick)

Bt/E--46 to 56 cm (18 to 22 in); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam (Bt), 20 to 30 percent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam (E); weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; few fine roots; many fine and very fine pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries lining pores; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 38 cm [3 to 15 in] thick)

Bt1--56 to 84 cm (22 to 33 in); dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; strong coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; common fine and few medium pores; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on surface of peds; common fine prominent red (10R 4/8) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries in matrix; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2--84 to 103 cm (33 to 41 in); dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine pores; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on surface of peds; common fine prominent red (10R 4/6) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries in matrix; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations with clear boundaries lining pores; many pressure faces; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 47 to 105 cm [19 to 48 in])

Btg1--103 to 138 cm (41 to 54 in); light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium angular blocky; very hard, very firm; few fine roots; few fine and medium pores; common distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on surface of peds; common fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) iron concentrations with clear boundaries lining pores; common fine prominent red (10R 4/6) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries in matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Btg2--138 to 161 cm (54 to 63 in); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very fine sandy loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium angular blocky; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine and medium pores; few faint light gray (10YR 7/1) clay films on surface of peds; common fine and medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) iron concentrations with clear boundaries lining pores; common fine and medium prominent red (10R 4/8) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries in matrix; common fine distinct reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries in matrix; 15 to 20 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sandy loam clay depletions; moderately acid; diffuse smooth boundary.

Btg3--161 to 203 cm (63 to 80 in); light gray (10YR 7/1) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, firm; few fine roots; few fine and medium pores; many fine and medium prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) iron concentrations with diffuse boundaries lining pores; common fine prominent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) iron concentrations with sharp boundaries in matrix; 20 percent light gray (10YR 7/2) very fine sandy loam clay depletions; few fine and medium iron-manganese stains on surface of peds; slightly acid. (Combined thickness of the Btg horizons is 34 to 103 cm [13 to 41 in]).

TYPE LOCATION: Jefferson County, Texas; from the intersection of Interstate Highway 10 and U.S. Highway 90 in Beaumont; 12.2 miles west on U.S. Highway 90; 1.0 mile north on North China Road; 0.6 mile west on paved county road; 0.3 mile north on farm road; 50 feet east in field. (China USGS quad; Latitude: 30 degrees, 04 minutes, 01 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 20 minutes, 53 seconds W; WGS84)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: A udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is moist in some or all parts for more than 275 days in normal years. The summer months are the driest, while fall through spring months are the wettest months.
Mean annual soil temperature: 21.7 to 22.2 degrees C (71 to 72 degrees F)
Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent

Ap and A Horizons
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam
Clay content: 2 to 16 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none or few, location-lining pores, shades-brown
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 10 (Sodium adsorption ratio values greater than 4 are associated with storm surge areas)
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid

E Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, silt loam, loam
Clay content: 5 to 17 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-none to common, location-lining pores, shades-brown or yellow
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 10 (Sodium adsorption ratio values greater than 4 are associated with storm surge areas)
Reaction: very strongly acid or strongly acid

Bt/E Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 10 to 60 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-few to common, location-lining pores and in matrix, shades-brown, red, or yellow (red redox concentrations are not many)
Redox depletions: amount-none or common, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 11 (Sodium adsorption ratio values greater than 4 are associated with storm surge areas)
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

Bt Horizons
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: clay loam or clay
Clay content: 37 to 55 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-common or many, location-lining pores and in matrix, shades-brown, red, or yellow (red redox concentrations are not many)
Redox depletions: amount-none or common, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 13 (Sodium adsorption ratio values greater than 4 are associated with storm surge areas)
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

Btg Horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: very fine sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam or clay
Clay content: 17 to 55 percent
Redox concentrations: amount-common or many, location-lining pores and in matrix, shades-brown, red, or yellow (red redox concentrations are not many)
Redox depletions: amount-none or common, location-adjacent to redox concentrations, shades-gray
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-0 to 15 percent, kind- nodules,
Electrical Conductivity (mmhos/cm): 0 to 2
Sodium adsorption ratio: 0 to 10 (Sodium adsorption ratio values greater than 4 are associated with storm surge areas)
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Similar soils are Gist, Orcadia, Spindletop, and Texla series.
Gist soils: have a coarse-silty particle-size control section. Texla and Gist soils are in the thermic temperature regime.
Orcadia soils are in a coarse-silty over clayey particle size class
Spindletop soils: have more than 50 percent base saturation throughout
Texla soils: have a fine-silty particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: loamy fluviomarine deposits derived from the Beaumont Formation of Pleistocene age
Landscape: flat coastal plains
Landform: relic point bars and natural levees
Slope: 0 to 2 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 20 to 22.2 degrees C (68 to 72 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1219 to 1575 mm (48 to 62 in)
Precipitation Pattern: Rainfall is fairly uniform throughout the year with slight peaks in the fall and spring months.
Frost-free period: 270 to 300 days
Elevation: 3 to 30.5 m (10 to 100 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aris, Labelle, Levac, Meaton, Morey, Mocarey, Orcadia, and the Spindletop series.

Aris soils: are gray throughout due to wetness; are on flats
Labelle soils: somewhat poorly drained; are in a fine family; on flats
Levac soils: somewhat poorly drained; are truncated pimple mounds
Mocarey soils: in a fine-loamy family; similar on flats
Meaton and Morey soils: in a fine-silty family; on flats
Orcadia soils: are on a broader landform; somewhat poorly drained
Spindletop soils: are on pimple mounds

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Anahuac soils are moderately well drained. Runoff is medium. Permeability is very slow. These soils are rarely flooded for very brief to brief periods. Flooding occurs as a result of storm surge during tropical storms which occurs in areas less than 4.6 m (15 ft) elevation. These soils become saturated from 20 to 100 cm (8 to 40 in) below the soil surface from January to March and endosaturation occurs from 122 to 203 cm (48 to 80 in) below the surface during the same period.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used primarily for pasture and hayland. A few areas are used for cropland and horticultural crops. The principal crops grown on these soils are sorghums, soybeans, and rice. Pastures are bahiagrass or improved bermudagrass. Native vegetation is tall prairie grass, mainly species of andropogons, paspalums, switchgrass and indiangrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southeast Texas generally east of the Trinity River; Land Resource Region T; MLRA 150A; the series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Chambers County, Texas; 1969.

REMARKS: Classification changed and type location moved to Jefferson County 1995 where complete characterization data is available. Study of this series in Liberty, Chambers, and Jefferson Counties indicates this soil is a Oxyaquic Glossudalfs rather than Udollic Albaqualfs. Soil moisture study at type location indicates this soil is in Oxyaquic subgroup. Soils mapped with the Anahuac series that are on mounded positions will be included with the Spindletop series, which has smectitic mineralogy.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 46 to 96 cm (18 to 38 in) (Bt/E and Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)

Umbric epipedon 0 to 36 cm (0 to 14 in) (Ap and A horizons).

Glossic horizon 46 to 56 cm (18 to 22 in) (Bt/E horizon).

Argillic horizon 46 to 203 cm (18 to 80 in (Bt/E, Bt1, Bt2, Btg1,
Btg2, Btg3 horizons).

Additional Comments: This soil has an Umbric epipedon. These soils do not qualify for Mollisols because the base saturation above the argillic horizon is less than 50 percent. These soils are saturated in the Bt/E horizon for 20 or more days in normal years. Mineralogy data indicate the clay to be smectitic.

ADDITIONAL DATA: KSSL data - Chambers County, Texas, 68L1336-68L1340; Jefferson County, Texas, S90TX-245-020 at the type location and on pedon S11TX2452367; Liberty County, Texas on pedon S83TX-291-01.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.