LOCATION ANDRES IL+IN

Established Series
Rev. SKH-LJB-MWB
12/2015

ANDRES SERIES

The Andres series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in loamy outwash and the underlying silty till on ground moraines and lake plains. A mantle of loess or other silty material, as much as 61 cm (24 inches), overlies the outwash in many pedons. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 890 mm (35 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Andres silt loam - on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 193 meters (633 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches); black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) thick]

BA--28 to 36 cm (11 to 14 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; many distinct black (10YR 2/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) thick]

Bt1--36 to 48 cm (14 to 19 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common fine distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--48 to 66 cm (19 to 26 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate fine angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--66 to 91 cm (26 to 36 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam; moderate fine prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; common faint dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint gray (10YR 5/1) iron depletions and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 31 to 102 cm (12 to 40 inches).]

2Bt4--91 to 127 cm (36 to 50 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; weak medium prismatic structure; firm; few very fine roots; common faint grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; many medium prominent gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent gravel; very slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. [8 to 38 cm (3 to 15 inches) thick]

2C--127 to 152 cm (50 to 60 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silty clay loam; massive; firm; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; many medium prominent gray (N 5/) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Livingston County, Illinois, about 1.75 miles north of Campus; 1,525 feet south and 510 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 27, T. 30 N., R. 8 E.; USGS Campus topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 02 minutes 52 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 18 minutes 17 seconds W., UTM Zone 16T, 0390341 easting and 4544894 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of soil development: 91 to 152 cm (36 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches) and includes the upper part of the B horizon in some pedons.
Depth to carbonates: 61 to 140 cm (24 to 55 inches)
Depth to the till: 56 to 127 cm (22 to 50 inches)
Particle-size control section: 27 to 35 percent clay and 15 to 40 percent fine and coarser sand
Content of gravel: 0 to 10 percent
Special features: Some pedons have as much as 61 cm (24 inches) of loess or silty material overlying the outwash.

Ap and/or A horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

BA, Bt, and/or 2Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: typically clay loam, loam or sandy clay loam. If a mantle of loess is present, it is silt loam or silty clay loam.
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline. In some pedons it contains carbonates.

2Bt or 3Bt horizon (the part formed in weathered till);
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam with more than 22 percent clay
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline. Typically contains carbonates, but in some are noneffervescent.

2C or 3C horizon (the unweathered till):
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam or silt loam with more than 22 percent clay and less than 20 percent sand. Some pedons have thin strata of loam or silty clay.
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline and is calcareous.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Aztalan, Darroch, Francesville, Gilboa, Houstenader, La Hogue, Lahoguess, Le Sueur, Marcellon, Newhaven, Odell, and Protivin series. Aztalan and Marcellon soils average less than 27 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Darroch, Gilboa, La Hogue, Lahoguess, Le Sueur, Newhaven, and Odell soils average more than 20 percent sand and less than 22 percent clay in the lower part of the series control section. Francesville soils contain a densic layer between 51 to 102 cm (20 and 40 inches). Houstenader soils contain more than 40 percent clay and more than 15 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Protivin soils contain more than 30 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Andres soils are on nearly level to slightly undulating till plains and lake plains. They formed in loamy outwash and silty till that contain more than 22 percent clay. A mantle of loess or other silty material, as much as 61 cm (24 inches) thick, overlies the outwash in many pedons. Slope ranges from 0 to 5 percent. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.8 to 12.2 degrees C (46 to 54 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1016 mm (32 to 40 inches), frost-free period ranges from 155 to 190 days, and elevation ranges from 166 to 311 meters (545 to 1,020 feet) above sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Ashkum, Elliott, Martinton, Milford, and Symerton soils. Ashkum and Milford soils are on lower positions on the landform, are poorly drained, and contain more clay in the particle-size control section. Elliott and Martinton soils are on similar positions and have more clay in the particle-size control section. Symerton soils are on slightly higher positions and are better drained.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. These soils have a perched seasonal high water table at a depth of 31 to 61 cm (1 to 2 feet) at some time between January and May in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers/s). Permeability is moderately slow.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of the soil are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow are the principal crops. A few areas are used for pasture. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Illinois and northwestern Indiana. Extent is large; about 118,000 acres have been mapped in MLRAs 95B, 108A, 110, 111C, and 111D.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Will County, Illinois, 1951.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon - 0 to 28 cm (0 to 11 inches) (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon - 36 to 127 cm (14 to 50 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and 2Bt4 horizons)
lithologic discontinuity - at a depth of 91 cm (36 inches) (contact between the Bt3 and 2Bt4 horizons).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.