LOCATION ANGELICA MI+WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, nonacid, frigid Aeric Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Angelica loam - on a 1 percent northeast-facing slope in a forested area. (Colors refer to moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--0 to 5 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) muck, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium granular structure; very friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 18 centimeters thick)
A--5 to 15 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loam; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (5 to 13 centimeters thick)
Bg--15 to 25 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium distinct dark gray (5Y 4/1) iron depletions throughout; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 23 centimeters thick)
Bw1--25 to 36 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) iron accumulations throughout; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2--36 to 43 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 5/4) sandy clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) iron accumulations throughout; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 18 to 41 centimeters.)
C--43 to 152 centimeters; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loam; massive; friable; many medium distinct pale red(2.5YR 6/2) iron depletions, and few medium faint brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) iron accumulations throughout; about 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Delta County, Michigan; about 4 miles southeast of Ensign; 200 feet southeast of northwest corner, sec. 29, T. 40 N., R. 20 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The thickness of the solum and depth to free carbonates typically averages 38 to 64 centimeters, but ranges from 30 to 76 centimeters. Gravel content ranges from 0 to 10 percent in the solum and from 1 to 25 percent in the C horizon. Cobble content ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout. Some pedons have free carbonates in the solum.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or is neutral, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 0 to 2. Where present the Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A horizon is loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or mucky analogues of these textures. The A or Ap horizon ranges from slightly acid to neutral.
The Bg horizon has hue of 7.5YR, to 5Y; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 or 2. Redoximorphic features range from faint to prominent where matrix colors have chroma of 2. It is sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to neutral.
The Bw1 horizon has hue of 10YR, to 5YR; value of 4 to 7; and chroma of 2 to 4. It is sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The Bw2 horizon has hue of 5.YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 to 6. It is sandy loam, loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam. The matrix colors in the Bw1 and Bw2 horizons reflect the color of the parent materials. Reaction of the Bw horizons ranges from slightly acid to neutral.
The C horizon has hue of 5YR, to 2.5Y; value of 5 to 7; and chroma of 2 to 4. It is typically loam, but gravelly loam, silt loam, sandy loam, or clay loam with less than 35 percent clay is included. Reaction is slightly or moderately alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in the family. The Easton series may be a competitor when the classification of this series is reviewed. Easton soils do not contain free carbonates within 152 centimeters.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Angelica soils are on nearly level or in depressions on ground moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 690 to 840 millimeters and mean annual temperature ranges from 6 to 8 degrees C.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cathro, Mackinac, Onaway, Tacoosh, and Trenary soils. Cathro and Tacoosh soils are shallow organic soils that are common associates on lower topographic positions. Mackinac, Onaway, and Trenary soils are on higher landform positions and form a drainage sequence with Angelica.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained and very poorly drained. This soil has representative wet soil moisture status that ranges from the surface to 61 centimeters below the surface at times throughout the year. This soil has representative ponding depth at 7 to 15 centimeters at times during the period from October to June. Surface runoff is slow or ponded. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high.
USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly in woodland. A small acreage is used for pasture. Where drained these soils are used for corn, small grain, and hay. Natural forest vegetation consists of aspen, balsam fir, northern white-cedar, paper birch, yellow birch, black spruce, black ash, and alder.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern part of lower peninsula and eastern part of the upper peninsula of Michigan and northeastern Wisconsin. The series is moderate in extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Presque Isle County, Michigan, 1950.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from 5 to 15 centimeters (A horizons); cambic horizon - the zone from 15 to 43 centimeters (Bs, Bw1, and Bw2 horizons); aquic conditions between 40 and 50 centimeters.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record No.: MI0065