LOCATION ANNTON             MN
Established Series
Rev. TCJ-AGG-TWN
06/2009

ANNTON SERIES


The Annton series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loamy, calcareous, friable till and in the underlying firm till. These soils are on convex slopes on ground moraines or till plains. Slope ranges from 3 to 18 percent. The mean annual air temperature is about 8 degrees C. The mean annual precipitation is about 735 millimeters.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Calcic Hapludolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Annton clay loam, on slope of 3 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; about 6 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

Bw--25 to 56 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk1--56 to 109 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 15 percent disseminated calcium carbonates throughout; few, 1 to 3 millimeter in diameter, concentrations of iron and manganese oxides; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; friable; about 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

Bk2--109 to 152 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; about 15 percent disseminated calcium carbonates throughout; few, 1 to 3 millimeter diameter concentrations of iron and manganese oxides; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redoximorphic concentrations; common fine prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; about 4 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.

BC--152 to 203 centimeters; light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) clay loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; about 10 percent coarse treads of calcium carbonates; few concentrations of iron and manganese oxides; common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and few fine yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations, and common fine prominent gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions; about 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Cottonwood County, Minnesota subset; about 3 miles north and 2 miles east of Storden; located about 65 feet north and 1500 feet west of the southeast corner of section 10, T. 107 N., R. 37 W.; USGS Storden topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 04 minutes 48 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 15 minutes 58 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mollic epipedon thickness--17 to 49 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--45 to 90 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--24 to 35 percent
Sand content in particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 40 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent, mixed lithology

Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--24 to 35 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.40 to 1.45 g/cc
Thickness--17 to 49 centimeters

AB or BA horizon (where present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--24 to 35 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.40 to 1.45 g/cc
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters

Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--24 to 35 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Moist bulk density--1.45 to 1.55 g/cc
Thickness--15 to 60 centimeters

The lower part of this horizon may have redoximorphic features

Some pedons have Bt horizons with clay films present on ped faces, however these horizons do not meet the clay increase of 1.2 percent from the eluvial horizon requirement for an argillic horizon

Bk horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--24 to 35 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent--15 to 30 percent; 5 percent or more higher than the underlying horizon(s)
Moist bulk density--1.45 to 1.65 g/cc
Thickness--15 to 100 centimeters

Redoximorphic depletions are few to common in this horizon

BC or C horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--clay loam or loam
Clay content--24 to 35 percent
Sand content--20 to 40 percent
Reaction--pH 7.4 to 8.4
Calcium carbonate equivalent--10 to 20 percent
Moist bulk density--1.45 to 1.65 g/cc

Redoximorphic concentrations and depletions are common in this horizon, mostly along structural planes

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Amiret and Ves series.
Amiret--have a clay content of 18 to 32 percent and a moist bulk density range of 1.35 to 1.55 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Ves--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy, calcareous, friable till and in the underlying firm till
Landform--convex slopes on ground moraines and till plains
Slope--3 to 18 percent
Elevation--300 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 890 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 200 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are Belview, North Twin, Pell Creek, Storden, and Swanlake soils.
Belview--are on higher landscape positions on convex slopes and have carbonates throughout the series control section
North Twin--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.6 to 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Pell Creek--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.15 and 0.45 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Storden--are on higher landscape positions on convex slopes and have carbonates throughout the series control section
Swanlake--are on slightly lower landscape positions on convex slopes and have carbonates throughout the series control section

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone between 1.0 to 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is both perched and apparent; as slope increases, the total period of perched saturation decreases
Saturated hydraulic conductivity1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second

USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big blue stem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic Section--Western lake section
Local physiographic area--Coteau des Prairies bench" geomorphic surface
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR--M; south-central and southwestern Minnesota
Extent--moderate

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-5 (Albert Lea, Minnesota).

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cottonwood County, Minnesota, 2009.

REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the soil surface to a depth of 25 centimeters (Ap horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 25 to 56 centimeters and the zone from a depth of 152 to 203 centimeters (Bw and BC horizons);
calcic horizon--the zone from a depth of 56 to 152 centimeters (Bk1 and Bk2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.

Some pedons have a sandy or coarse-loamy lag line, about 10 centimeters thick, with or without gravel at the contact with the underlying firm till.

The BC horizon is defined by having prismatic primary structure parting to angular or subangular blocky. This structure is evident in pits and cutbanks and rarely observed by smaller scale investigations. The change in moist bulk density of 1.45 to 1.65 g/cc was based on lab data of soils that are similar and field investigations by soil scientist in this geomorphic landform of the Coteau des Prairies bench".

Based on current investigations, elevation ranges in MLRA 103 is about 270 to 480 meter above sea level. However, the elevation data in the 2006 issue of USDA Handbook 296, has not been changed to agree with this elevation data.

Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.