LOCATION ANTOKEN                 OR

Established Series
Rev. TMP/RWL
02/2025

ANTOKEN SERIES

Landscape--canyons, lava plateaus
Landform--north-facing canyon slopes, structural benches
Slope--2 to 55 percent
Parent material--residuum and colluvium derived from basalt with an influence of loess in the upper part
Mean annual precipitation--about 250 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 11 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--aridic (torric)
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--xeric

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Aridic Palexerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Antoken extremely cobbly silt loam, rangeland, on a 22 percent slope at an elevation of 550 meters

A--0 to 15 cm; extremely cobbly silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse irregular pores; 50 percent cobbles and 15 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary

AB--15 to 25 cm; very cobbly silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse tubular pores; 40 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary

2Bt1--25 to 43 cm; very cobbly clay, brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; common very fine and fine and few medium and coarse tubular pores; common prominent clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 25 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary

2Bt2--43 to 56 cm; very cobbly silty clay, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine and common medium and coarse roots; many very fine and fine and common medium and coarse tubular pores; common prominent clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 25 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary

2Btk--56 to 76 cm; very cobbly silty clay, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) dry, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly effervescent; 35 percent cobbles and 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary

3Bk1--76 to 97 cm; extremely cobbly loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent, soft masses of secondary lime; 40 percent cobbles, 15 percent stones, and 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual smooth boundary

3Bk2--97 to 150 cm; extremely cobbly sandy loam, pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) dry, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent with soft masses of secondary lime; 25 percent stones, 40 percent cobbles, and 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4)

TYPE LOCATION: Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Wasco County, Oregon; about 310 m north and 760 m east of the southwest corner of section 10, T. 8 S., R. 13 E.; latitude 44.8863325 degrees, longitude -121.1658947 degrees, WGS84 datum (coordinates determined from PLSS and NAD83 coordinates)

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--11 to 14 degrees C
Soil moisture--usually dry; dry in all parts more than one-half the time (cumulative) that the soil temperature at a depth of 50 cm is above 5 degrees C
Thickness of mollic epipedon--25 to 50 cm
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate--50 to 75 cm
Depth to bedrock--greater than 150 cm

Particle Size Control Section
*Clay--35 to 60 percent
*Weighted average clay--40 to 60 percent clay
*Total fragments--35 to 60 percent rock fragments

A Horizon
*Hue--10YR
*Value--2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
*Chroma--2 or 3 moist or dry
*Fine earth texture--silt loam
*Clay--15 to 20 percent
*Sand--15 to 35 percent
*Total fragments--30 to 75 percent
*Gravels--0 to 20 percent
*Cobbles--20 to 60 percent
*Stones--0 to 5 percent
*Organic matter--2.0 to 4.0 percent
*Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3 (slightly acid to neutral)
*Thickness--13 to 20 cm

AB Horizon
*Hue--10YR
*Value--2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry
*Chroma--2 or 3 moist or dry
*Fine earth texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, silt loam
*Clay--20 to 35 percent
*Sand--15 to 30 percent
*Total fragments--35 to 60 percent
*Gravels--0 to 20 percent
*Cobbles--20 to 50 percent
*Stones--0 to 5 percent
*Organic matter--1.0 to 3.0 percent
*Reaction--pH 6.1 to 7.3 (slightly acid to neutral)
*Thickness--0 to 15 cm

2Bt Horizons
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--3 or 4 moist, 4 or 5 dry
*Chroma--2 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine earth texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, clay
*Clay--35 to 60 percent
*Sand--5 to 35 percent
*Total fragments--35 to 60 percent
*Gravels--5 to 20 percent
*Cobbles--15 to 35 percent
*Stones--0 to 5 percent
*Organic matter--0.5 to 2.0 percent
*Reaction--pH 6.6 to 8.4 (neutral to moderately alkaline)
*Combined thickness of 2Bt horizons--25 to 45 cm

2Btk Horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--4 or 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
*Chroma--2 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine earth texture--silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, clay
*Clay--35 to 60 percent
*Sand--5 to 35 percent
*Total fragments--35 to 60 percent
*Gravels--0 to 25 percent
*Cobbles--15 to 40 percent
*Stones--0 to 5 percent
*Organic matter--0.5 to 1.0 percent
*Reaction--pH 7.3 to 8.4 (slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline)
*Thickness--0 to 20 cm

3Bk Horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--5 or 6 moist, 7 or 8 dry
*Chroma--2 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine earth texture--loam, sandy loam
*Clay--10 to 20 percent
*Sand--35 to 65 percent
*Total fragments--50 to 80 percent
*Gravels--15 to 25 percent
*Cobbles--15 to 40 percent
*Stones--0 to 25 percent
*Organic matter--0.0 to 0.75 percent
*Reaction--pH 7.9 to 8.4 (moderately alkaline)
*Calcium carbonate equivalent--5 to 10 percent
*Effervescence--strongly effervescent to violently effervescent

COMPETING SERIES:
Clerf--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to lithic contact
Wipple--100 to 150 cm (deep) to lithic contact

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--370 to 910 m
Climate--cool, moist winters; hot, dry summers
Mean annual precipitation--230 to 310 mm
Mean annual air temperature--10 to 11 degrees C
Frost-free period--110 to 160 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Axford--located on north-facing slopes; fine-loamy particle size class; 100 to 150 cm (deep) to lithic contact
Day--formed in old sediment; very fine particle-size class
Ruckles--located on south-facing slopes; 25 to 50 cm (shallow) to lithic contact
Ruclick--located on south-facing slopes; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to lithic contact
Simas--formed in old sediment; fine particle-size class
Sorf--formed in old sediment; fine particle-size class; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to paralithic contact
Walsey--located on north-facing slopes; loamy-skeletal particle-size class; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to paralithic contact

DRAINAGE AND STURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturation during normal years--none
Flooding--none
Ponding--none
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately low to moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--livestock grazing, wildlife habitat
Native vegetation--Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, milkvetch, Wyoming big sagebrush

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Distribution--North-central and east-central Oregon; MLRA 10
Extent--Small extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Wasco County, Oregon; 1993

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
*Mollic epipedon--0 to 43 cm
*Argillic horizon--25 to 76 cm
*Pale feature--zone from 25 to 76 cm; abrupt boundary to 2Bt1 horizon; 29 percent clay increase (absolute)
*Particle-size control section--25 to 76 cm

*20 to 30 percent absolute clay increase within a vertical distance of 3 to 8 cm in upper part of the particle size control section

ADDITIONAL DATA:
Partial laboratory data--pedon number 90P 360; reference sample S90OR-65-007; Wasco County, Oregon, Warm Springs Indian Reservation; Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska; 6/1990

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.