LOCATION ANTOKEN OREstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey-skeletal, smectitic, mesic Aridic Palexerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Antoken extremely cobbly silt loam - rangeland, on a 22 percent slope at an elevation of 1800 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) extremely cobbly silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine, fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine, fine and few medium and coarse irregular pores; 50 percent cobbles and 15 percent gravel; neutral (pH 6.8); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 7 inches thick)
AB--6 to 10 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very cobbly silty clay loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine, fine and few medium and coarse roots; many very fine, fine and few medium and coarse tubular pores; 40 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
2Bt1--10 to 17 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) very cobbly clay, brown (7.5YR 4/2) dry; strong medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, fine and few medium and coarse roots; common very fine, fine and few medium and coarse tubular pores; common prominent clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 25 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 9 inches thick)
2Bt2--17 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) very cobbly silty clay, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, fine and common medium and coarse roots; many very fine, fine and common medium and coarse tubular pores; common prominent clay films on faces of peds and lining pores; 25 percent cobbles and 10 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (5 to 8 inches thick)
2Btk--22 to 30 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) very cobbly silty clay, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly effervescent; 35 percent cobbles and 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
3Bk1--30 to 38 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/4) extremely cobbly loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent with soft masses of secondary lime; 40 percent cobbles, 15 percent stones and 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual smooth boundary.
3Bk2--38 to 60 inches; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) extremely stony sandy loam, pinkish white (7.5YR 8/2) dry; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent with soft masses of secondary lime; 25 percent stones, 40 percent cobbles and 15 percent gravel; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Wasco County, Oregon, about 1000 feet north and 2500 feet east of the SW corner of section 10, T.8 S., R.13 E. (Warm Springs Indian Reservation) (Latitude 44 degrees, 53 minutes, 06 seconds N., Longitude 121 degrees, 09 minutes, 54 seconds E.).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: These soils are usually dry and are dry in all parts of the moisture control section more than half the time (cumulative) that the soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches is above 41 degrees F. The mean annual soil temperature is 52 to 58 degrees F. Depth to bedrock and solum depth is greater than 60 inches. The particle-size control section averages 40 to 60 percent clay and 35 to 50 percent rock fragments. It has an increase of 20 to 30 percent clay (absolute) within a vertical distance of 1 to 3 inches in the upper part. The mollic epipedon is 10 to 20 inches thick. Depth to secondary calcium carbonate is 20 to 30 inches.
The A horizon has value of 2 or 3 moist, 4 or 5 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3 moist and dry. It contains 20 to 60 percent cobbles and 10 to 20 percent gravel and 15 to 20 percent clay. The soil reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The AB horizon has similar color to that of the A horizon. It is silty clay loam, clay loam or silt loam. It contains 30 to 50 percent cobbles and 10 to 20 percent gravel and 20 to 35 percent clay. The soil reaction is slightly acid or neutral.
The 2Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4 moist, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 2 through 4 moist and dry. It is silty clay or clay. It contains 15 to 35 percent cobbles, 5 to 20 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent stones. The soil reaction is neutral to moderately alkaline.
The 3Bk horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 or 6 moist, 7 or 8 dry and chroma of 2 through 4 moist and dry. It is strongly to violently effervescent and has 5 to 10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent. It contains 15 to 40 percent cobbles, 0 to 25 percent stones and 15 to 25 percent gravel.
COMPETING SERIES: Competing series are the Clerf and Wipple soils. Clerf soils are 20 to 40 inches to bedrock. Wipple soils are 40 to 60 inches to basalt bedrock.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Antoken soils are on gently sloping to steep north-facing foot slopes of canyons. Elevations are 1,200 to 3,000 feet. Slopes are 2 to 55 percent. The soil formed in residuum and colluvium derived dominantly from basalt with an influence of loess in the surface. The climate is characterized by cool moist winters and hot dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 9 to 12 inches. The mean annual temperature is 50 to 52 degrees F. The frost-free period is 110 to 160 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Axford, Day, Ruckles, Ruclick, Simas, Sorf and Walsey soils. Axford soils are on north slopes, fine-loamy and deep to bedrock. Day soils are on old sediments and have a very fine particle-size class. Ruckles soils are on south slopes and shallow to bedrock. Ruclick soils are on south slopes and moderately deep to bedrock. Simas soils are formed in old sediments and have a fine particle-size class. Sorf soils are formed in old sediments, have a fine particle-size class and moderately deep to bedrock. Walsey soils are on north slopes, loamy-skeletal and moderately deep to bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Permeability is slow.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The native vegetation is Idaho fescue, bluebunch wheatgrass, milkvetch, and Wyoming big sagebrush.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central and east-central Oregon; MLRA 10. The soils of this series are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Warm Springs Indian Reservation, Wasco County, Oregon, 1993.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - from the surface of the soil to a depth of 17 inches ( A, AB, 2Bt1 horizons).
Argillic horizon - from 10 to 30 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Btk horizons).
Pale feature - from 10 to 30 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Btk horizons) with abrupt boundary to the 2Bt1 horizon and a 29 percent clay increase (absolute).
Particle-size control section - from 10 to 30 inches (2Bt1, 2Bt2 and 2Btk horizons).
Aridic soil moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Partial laboratory data is available for this soil. Pedon number 90P 360, reference sample S90OR-65-007 from WASCO County, Oregon, Warm Springs Survey, NSSL, Lincoln, NE., 6/90