LOCATION ARCTANDER MNTentative Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Arctander loam, on a concave slope of 2 percent, in a field of native warm season grasses. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and medium roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A1--25 to 66 centimeters; black (N 2.5/0) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium parting to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
A2--66 to 85 centimeters; very dark gray (N 3/0) loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium parting to moderate fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; about 2 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 60 to 150 centimeters.)
Bg--85 to 109 centimeters; olive gray (5Y 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) iron concentrations; few masses of iron-manganese accumulation; about 4 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 60 centimeters thick)
2Bkg--109 to 142 centimeters; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common masses of carbonate coats on faces of peds; many medium prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/6) iron concentrations; about 6 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline. (0 to 35 centimeters thick)
2Cg--142 to 203 centimeters; gray (5Y 6/1) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; many medium and coarse prominent olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) iron concentrations; about 6 percent gravel; moderately effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 103-Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Kandiyohi County, Minnesota subset; about 5 miles west and 4 miles north of Willmar; located about 215 feet north and 2,011 feet east of the southwest corner of section 25, T. 120 N., R. 36 W.; USGS Pennock topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 10 minutes 06 seconds N. and long. 95 degrees 08 minutes 12 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mollic epipedon thickness--60 to 150 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--75 to 165 centimeters
Depth to till--100 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--20 to 28 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--30 to 48 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR to 5Y, or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--loam, clay loam, or silt loam
Clay content--18 to 28 percent
Sand content--30 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 8 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
Organic matter content--3 to 5 percent
Bg horizon (when present):
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam or clay loam
Clay content--20 to 28 percent
Sand content--30 to 45 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 8 percent
Reaction--neutral or slightly alkaline
This horizon has few to many redoximorphic features in some to all parts
2Bkg horizon (when present):
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, clay loam, sandy clay loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--18 to 28 percent
Sand content--30 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 8 percent
Reaction--moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline
This horizon has redoximorphic features in all parts
2BCg (when present) or 2Cg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam
Clay content--10 to 18 percent
Sand content--30 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 10 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Moist bulk density--1.40 to 1.60 g/cc
This horizon has redoximorphic features in all parts
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Coland,
Comfrey,
Delft,
Excello,
Gielow,
Glencoe,
Gus,
James Canyon,
Keddie,
Kimmerling,
Konner,
Lundlake,
McClave,
Peoh,
Romnell,
Roundval,
Shandep, and
Wenas series.
Coland--do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Comfrey--do not have rock fragments in the series control section
Delft--have a clay content of more than 18 percent and a sand content of less than 30 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Excello--have a reaction range of slightly acid to neutral throughout the series control section
Gielow--have a reaction range of moderately acid to neutral throughout the series control section
Glencoe--have a clay content of more than 18 percent and a sand content of less than 30 percent sand in the lower third of the series control section
Gus--do not have rock fragments in the series control section
James Canyon--have a rock fragment content of 15 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Keddie--have a reaction range of slightly acid to neutral throughout the series control section and have a rock fragment content of up to 30 percent in the particle-size control section
Kimmerling--are stratified with a clay content of 5 to 60 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Konner--have clay films on ped faces and in pores in the series control section
Lundlake--have an organic matter content that ranges from 5 to 12 percent in the upper third of the series control section
McClave--have a moist bulk density that ranges from 1.2 to 1.4 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Peoh--have a mollic epipedon less than 90 centimeters thick and have a reaction range of slightly acid to neutral throughout the series control section
Romnell--have a moist bulk density that ranges from 1.65 to 1.75 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Roundval--have a reaction range of slightly acid to neutral throughout the series control section
Shandep--have a sand content of more than 70 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Wenas--have a sand content of more than 70 percent in the lower one third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy colluvium derived from glacial drift and underlying calcareous till
Landform--nearly level or concave slopes on lower footslopes and toeslopes of head and side slopes on glacial moraines and till plains
Slope--0 to 4 percent
Elevation--300 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--585 to 890 millimeters
Frost-free period--155 to 200 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Crowriver,
Grovecity,
Lundlake,
Sunburg,
Swedegrove,
Uniongrove, and
Wadenill soils.
Crowriver--are on slightly higher landscape positions on rims of depressions, have a mollic epipedon 25 to 40 centimeters thick, and have a calcic horizon
Grovecity--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths 0.75 and 1.2 meters during the wettest period of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Lundlake--are on lower landscape positions and in closed depressions and are ponded during the wettest period of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Sunburg--are on higher landscape positions on convex slopes on moraines and have a clay content that averages 10 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Swedegrove--are on slightly higher landscape positions on rims of depressions, are calcareous in all parts between depths 25 to 50 centimeters, and have a clay content that averages 14 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Uniongrove--are on slightly lower landscape position and on flats and shallow swales and have a clay content that averages 14 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Wadenill--are on higher landscape positions on convex slopes on moraines and have a clay content that averages 12 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained and somewhat poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone is between depths of 0.15 and 0.45 meters for the poorly drained phase and between depths of 0.45 to 0.75 meters for the somewhat poorly drained phase during the wettest period of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans and small grains. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western lake section
MLRA--Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103)
LRR M; west-central and central Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-5 (Albert Lea, Minnesota).
SERIES PROPOSED: Kandiyohi County Minnesota, 2008. Source of name is a township in Kandiyohi County.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 0 to 85 centimeters (Ap, Al and A2 horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 85 to 109 centimeters (Bg horizon);
calcic horizon--the zone from a depth of 109 to 142 centimeters (2Bkg horizon);
aquic moisture regime.
A somewhat poorly drained overwash phase is recognized that has 20 to 50 centimeters of colluvium overlying the original dark-colored surface layer.
This series replaces the Delft soils that were previously correlated in parts of the Granite Falls Till geomorphic landform.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.