LOCATION AUBURNDALE WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Mollic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Auburndale silt loam, on a slope of less than 1 percent, in an abandoned field reverting to marsh vegetation, at an elevation of about 363 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, light grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate fine and medium granular structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Eg--18 to 36 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btg1--36 to 51 centimeters; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots: few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of some peds; many medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btg2--51 to 74 centimeters; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots: few faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btg3--74 to 104 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Btg4--104 to 135 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of some peds; many coarse prominent reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) and common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2C--135 to 152 centimeters; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sandy loam; massive; friable; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; about 8 percent gravel; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land resource Area (MLRA) 90A-Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part, Clark County, Wisconsin subset; about 2.5 miles north and 2.5 miles west of Thorpe; located about 100 feet south and 100 feet east of the northwest corner of section 15, T. 29 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Bellinger topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 00 minutes 08 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 51 minutes 40 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to loamy till--90 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 27 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 15 percent, fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Ratio of coarse silt to fine silt in the silty mantle--1.25 to 2.50
Ap horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--6 to 25 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 3 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--15 to 23 centimeters
A horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--6 to 25 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 3 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 15 centimeters
Eg horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam or silt
Clay content--6 to 20
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 3 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.0
Thickness--0 to 30 centimeters
Btg horizon and Cg horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--less than 15 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 10 percent, gravel; 0 to 3 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.0
Thickness of the Btg horizon--50 to 100 centimeters
2Btg, 2Bt horizon (when present), 2BCg horizon (when present), or 2BC horizon (when present):
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6 (value of 3 and chroma of 2 or 3 do not occur together)
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--8 to 20 percent
Sand content--40 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--3 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.0
Moist bulk density--1.5 to 1.80 g/cc
Thickness of the 2Btg horizon--0 to 40 centimeters
2C horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6 (value of 3 and chroma of 2 or 3 do not occur together)
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--5 to 15 percent
Sand content--40 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--3 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.70 to 1.85 g/cc
Some pedons have a dominant moist chroma of 2 in the upper part of the 2Cg horizon
2Cd horizon (when present, below a depth of 150 centimeters):
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6 (value of 3 and chroma of 2 or 3 do not occur together)
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--7 to 17 percent
Sand content--45 to 75 percent
Rock fragment content--3 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.85 to 2.00 g/cc
Some pedons have small pockets or thin strata of loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Barronett series.
Barronett--have a sand content of less than 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--90 to 150 centimeters of loess or other silty deposits and in the underlying loamy till of Late or Early Wisconsinan Age
Landform--depressions and drainageways on ground moraines
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--205 to 595 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--635 to 865 millimeters
Frost-free period--90 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Adolph,
Almena,
Capitola,
Freeon,
Loyal,
Magnor,
Otterholt,
Spencer, and
Withee soils.
Adolph--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Auburndale soils and have a clay content that averages less than 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Almena--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 0.15 and 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Capitola--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Auburndale soils and have a clay content that averages less than 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Freeon--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.6 to 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Loyal--are on higher landscape positions and have a sand content that averages 15 to 65 percent in the particle-size control section
Magnor--are on higher landscape positions and have a densic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters with a moist bulk density range of 1.8 to 2.0 g/cc
Otterholt--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Spencer--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.75 to 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Withee--are on higher landscape positions and have a sand content that averages 15 to 65 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly drained--these soils are frequently saturated from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.3 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second in the silty mantle, 1.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second in the till, and 0.01 to 1.00 in the dense till, when present
Ponding--frequently ponded to a depth of 0.15 meters for long duration during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are in native vegetation of wetland grasses, alder shrubs, and trees such as black ash, quaking aspen, and bog willow. Some areas are pastured. Marsh hay is harvested from some areas in dry years. Some areas are drained and cultivated.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A), Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B), and Wisconsin and Minnesota Sandy Outwash (91B)
LRR K; north-central and northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-9 (Rhinelander, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Langlade County, Wisconsin, 1947.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 36 to 86 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 36 centimeters (Ap and Eg horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 18 to 36 centimeters (Eg horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 36 to 135 centimeters (Btg1, Btg2, Btg3, and 2Btg4 horizons);
lithologic discontinuity--the contact with till at a depth of 135 centimeters;
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data (NSSL).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedonid 74MN163002 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).