LOCATION AUGWOOD WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, mixed, frigid Typic Epiaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Augwood loamy sand, on a linear, northeast-facing slope of 1 percent, in a balsam fir forest, on the lower side slope of an outwash-veneered drumlin, at an elevation of about 457 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 2 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) loamy sand, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; many uncoated sand grains; about 4 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; pH 4.1; abrupt wavy boundary.
E--2 to 8 centimeters; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand, light gray (10YR 7/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; less than 1 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; pH 4.3; abrupt broken boundary.
Bhs--8 to 15 centimeters; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; about 1 percent cobbles; pH 4.5; clear broken boundary.
Bs1--15 to 28 centimeters; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; few fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; pH 4.8; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bs2--28 to 53 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and many fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel and about 2 percent cobbles; pH 4.9; clear wavy boundary.
Bw--53 to 91 centimeters; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots primarily in the grayish brown vertical streaks; about 25 percent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) firm weekly cemented ortstein; common medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and many coarse prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; common coarse prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions occur as vertical streaks; less than 1 percent gravel and about 1 percent cobbles; pH 5.0; gradual wavy boundary.
C--91 to 140 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/3) sand; single grain; loose; few fine roots; few medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 1 percent gravel and about 2 percent cobbles; pH 5.1; abrupt wavy boundary.
2C--140 to 203 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) gravelly loamy sand; massive; friable; few fine roots; few fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation in the upper 5 centimeters; about 20 percent gravel and 4 percent cobbles; pH 5.8.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 94D-Northern Highland Sandy Drift, Lincoln County, Wisconsin subset; about 6 miles northwest of Tomahawk; located about 110 feet south and 1,520 feet east of the northwest corner of section 2, T. 35 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Bradley, WI topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 33 minutes 17 seconds N. and long. 89 degrees 49 minutes 53 seconds W. NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to till--100 to 150 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--1 to 5 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--75 to 95 percent, less than 50 percent fine sand
A horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 3
Texture--loamy sand
Clay content--1 to 6 percent
Sand content--75 to 85 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 3.5 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 13 centimeters
E horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--sand or loamy sand
Clay content--1 to 3 percent
Sand content--75 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 3.5 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 30 centimeters
Bhs horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--loamy sand or sand
Clay content--1 to 6 percent
Sand content--75 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 10 centimeters
Bs horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value--3 to 6 (when moist hue is 7.5YR, value is 3 to 5)
Chroma--4 to 6 (when moist hue is 7.5YR, chroma is 4)
Texture--loamy sand or sand
Clay content--1 to 6 percent
Sand content--75 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--25 to 70 centimeters
Bw horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 8
Texture--sand or loamy sand
Clay content--0 to 3 percent
Sand content--75 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--10 to 45 centimeters
Horizons with spodic colors have pH less than 6.0 or organic carbon content less than 0.6 percent, or both
C horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--sand
Clay content--0 to 3 percent
Sand content--87 to 99 percent
Rock fragment content--0 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
Thickness--2 to 100 centimeters
2C horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--3 to 15 percent
Sand content--55 to 85 percent
Rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 10 percent, cobbles
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.5
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Flink and
Tacoda series.
Flink--are stratified in the lower third of the series control section with a clay content of 5 to 35 percent and a sand content of 10 to 80 percent
Tacoda--have a clay content of 40 to 60 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--100 to 150 centimeters of sandy deposits over till
Landform--moraines and drumlins
Slope--0 to 3 percent
Elevation--455 to 565 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--4 to 5 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 890 millimeters
Frost-free period--125 to 155 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Au Gres,
Croswell,
Croswood,
Kinross, and
Vilas soils.
Au Gres--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Augwwod soils and have a sand content that averages more than 50 percent fine sand in the particle-size control section
Croswell--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.6 and 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Croswood--are on higher landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.6 and 1.0 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Kinross--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.15 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Vilas--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 0.15 to 0.60 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--42.00 to 141.00 micrometers per second in the sandy outwash materials and 1.00 to 4.00 micrometers per second in the underlying till
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. A few areas are pastured. Mature forests are mostly red maple, red pine, paper birch, quaking aspen, and balsam fir, but yellow birch, eastern hemlock, eastern white pine, jack pine, and northern red oak.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Province--Superior Upland
MLRA--Northern Highland Sandy Drift (94D)
LRR K; northern Wisconsin
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-9 (Rhinelander, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Wisconsin, 1993.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 8 centimeters (A and E horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 2 to 8 centimeters (E horizon);
spodic horizon--the zone from a depth of 8 to 53 centimeters (Bhs, Bs1 and Bs2 horizons);
aquic moisture regime.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-user pedonid 91WI069250 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).