LOCATION AMERY WI
Established Series
Rev. DEJ-TAM-TWN
01/2011
AMERY SERIES
The Amery series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in sandy loam till or mudflow sediments. These soils are on end moraines, disintegration moraines, and on dissected ground moraines. Slope ranges from 1 to 45 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 760 millimeters. Mean annual air temperature is about 5 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Amery sandy loam, on a convex, northwest-facing slope of 15 percent, in a woodland, at an elevation of about 369 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine and few medium and coarse roots; about 10 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bw--8 to 56 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine and few medium and coarse roots; about 12 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E/B--56 to 86 centimeters; about 60 percent brown (7.5YR 5/3) sandy loam (E), pink (7.5YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; extends into or surrounds remnants of brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and very fine and few medium roots; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
B/E--86 to 104 centimeters; about 70 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; common faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by reddish brown (5YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam (E), pink (5YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; about 14 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt1--104 to 145 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and very fine roots; common faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 14 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--145 to 180 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; few faint dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 12 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Cd--180 to 203 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; firm; about 12 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 90A-Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part, Barron County, Wisconsin subset; about 1 mile west and 0.75 miles south of Mikana; located about 300 feet north and 425 feet west of the southeast corner of section 20, T. 36 N., R. 10 W.; USGS Mikana topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 34 minutes 54 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 37 minutes 25 seconds W., NAD83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of silty mantle--0 to 30 centimeters
Depth to densic contact--150 to 200 centimeters
Clay content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--6 to 17 percent
Sand content of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--55 to 80 percent
Base saturation (by sum of cations)--less than 60 percent in some part of the argillic horizon
A horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Sand content--45 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--2 to 13 centimeters
Surface stones--coverage 0 to 3 percent
Some pedons have a silt loam texture
Ap horizon (when present):
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 or 4, (6 or more, dry)
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Sand content--45 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--1 to 15 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
Surface stones--coverage 0 to 3 percent
Some pedons have a silt loam texture
E horizon (when present) and the E part of the E/B and B/E horizons:
Hue--5YR to 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 or 3 (pedons with moist color of 4/3 or 5/3 have value of 7 or more, dry)
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Sand content--45 to 85 percent
Rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Thickness of the E horizon--0 to 25 centimeters
Thickness of the E/B horizon--0 to 50 centimeters
Some pedons have a silt loam texture
Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Sand content--45 to 70 percent
Rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Thickness--0 to 50 centimeters
Some pedons have a silt loam texture
Bw horizons with spodic colors have pH of 6.0 or greater or have less than 0.6 percent organic carbon
Bt part of the E/B and B/E horizons and Bt horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--6 to 17 percent
Sand content--55 to 80 percent
Rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.65 to 2.0 g/cc
Thickness of the B/E horizon--0 to 50 centimeters
Thickness of the Bt horizon--0 to 120 centimeters
Some pedons have pockets, strata, or subhorizons of loamy sand or gravelly loamy sand
Some pedons with B/E horizons do not have Bt horizons
BCd horizon (when present):
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Sand content--55 to 80 percent
Rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.8 to 2.0 g/cc
Thickness--0 to 50 centimeters
Some pedons have pockets, strata, or subhorizons of non-densic loamy sand, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Cd horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--4 to 15 percent
Sand content--55 to 80 percent
Rock fragment content--5 to 35 percent, gravel; 0 to 5 percent, cobbles; 0 to 3 percent, stones; all mixed lithology, primarily igneous origin, does not include limestone or dolomite
Reaction--pH 5.6 to 6.5
Moist bulk density--1.8 to 2.0 g/cc
Some pedons have pockets, strata, or subhorizons of non-densic loamy sand, sandy loam, or the gravelly analogs of these textures
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arland,
Automba,
Goodland,
Itasca,
Kennan,
Langlade,
Marathon,
Pemene,
Rosholt,
Santiago,
Scoba, and
Steamboat series.
Arland--have a paralithic contact with sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
Automba--have base saturation of more than 60 percent in all parts of the argillic horizon
Goodland--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Itasca--do not have a densic contact within the series control section
Kennan--do not have a densic contact within the series control section
Langlade--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Marathon--do not have a densic contact within the series control section
Pemene--have a pH range of 7.4 to 8.4 in the lower of the series control section
Rosholt--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Santiago--have a sand content of less than 30 percent in the upper third of the series control section
Scoba--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Steamboat--do not have a densic contact within the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--sandy loam till or mudflow sediments of Late and Early Wisconsinan Age
Landform--end moraines and disintegration moraines of the Chippewa and Superior lobes and dissected ground moraines on the Early Wisconsinan Age surface in Barron, Chippewa, and northern Dunn Counties, Wisconsin
Slope--1 to 45 percent
Elevation--205 to 470 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 8 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 865 millimeters
Frost-free period--110 to 180 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Capitola,
Freeon,
Glendenning,
Haugen,
Jewett,
Magnor, and
Santiago soils.
Capitola--are on lower landscape positions in depressions or drainageways and are frequently saturated from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Freeon--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.75 and 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Glendenning--are on lower landscape positions on footslopes or toe slopes and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.15 and 0.6 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Haugen--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.75 and 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Jewett--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Amery soils and have a clay content that averages 18 to 25 percent in the particle-size control section
Magnor--are on lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Santiago--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Amery soils and have a sand content of less than 30 percent in the upper third of the series control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.00 to 14.00 micrometers per second in the upper third of the series control section, 1.00 to 4.00 micrometers per second lower two thirds of the series control section, and 0.00 to 1.00 micrometers per second in the densic substratum
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. Some areas are cultivated or pastured. The principal crops are corn, small grains, and hay. The native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Common trees are northern red oak, northern pin oak, white oak, white ash, American basswood, quaking aspen, bigtooth aspen, American elm, yellow birch, sugar maple, and black cherry.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Western Lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A) and Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Southern Part (90B)
LRR K; north-central and northwestern Wisconsin
Extent--large
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dunn County, Wisconsin, 1970.
REMARKS:
Particle size control section--the zone from a depth of 86 to 136 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 180 centimeters
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 86 centimeters (A, Bw, and E/B horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 56 to 86 centimeters (E/B horizon);
glossic horizon--the zone from a depth of 56 to 104 centimeters (E/B and B/E horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 86 to 180 centimeters (B/E, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons);
densic contact--contact with dense till at a depth of 180 centimeters (Cd horizon);
udic moisture regime. 1/19/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
Higher bulk density of the argillic horizon is considered to be relict of the till
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data (NSSL).
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska-many pedons (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.