LOCATION ANKONA FL

Established Series
Rev. FCW; AGH; GRB
10/2018

ANKONA SERIES

The Ankona series consists of very deep, very poorly and poorly drained, very slowly or slowly permeable soils on broad flats and in depressional areas of central and southern Florida. They formed in sandy and loamy marine sediments. Near the type location, the mean annual temperature is about 72 degrees F., and the mean annual precipitation is about 55 inches. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Sandy, siliceous, hyperthermic, ortstein Arenic Ultic Alaquods

TYPICAL PEDON: Ankona sand--on a smooth 1 percent slope in woodland. (Colors are for moist soil.)

A1--0 to 3 inches; black (10YR 2/1) rubbed, sand; weak medium crumb structure; very friable; mixture of organic matter and uncoated sand grains has salt and pepper appearance; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

A2--3 to 11 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1), rubbed, sand; single grained; loose; mixture of uncoated sand grains and organic matter; many fine and medium roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizons ranges from 8 to 13 inches)

Eg1--11 to 15 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; common medium distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) streaks along root channels having more organic matter than the matrix; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg2--15 to 29 inches; light gray (10YR 7/1) sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; common medium distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) streaks along root channels; extremely acid; gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 14 inches thick)

Eg3--29 to 35 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Eg4--35 to 38 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand; single grained; loose; few fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Eg horizons ranges from 27 to 35 inches)

Bh--38 to 48 inches; black (N 2/0) loamy sand; massive; friable; weakly cemented ortstein consists of 50 to 65 percent of the horizon; few fine roots; sand grains are well coated; extremely acid; clear irregular boundary. (4 to 30 inches thick)

Btg--48 to 57 inches; dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; few coarse distinct vertical streaks of black (N 2/0) areas having more organic matter than the matrix and with a texture of sand; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 35 inches thick)

Cg--57 to 80 inches; olive gray (5Y 4/2) sand; weak medium granular structure; very friable; few fine distinct light gray (10YR 7/2) streaks having less organic matter than the matrix; very strongly acid.

TYPE LOCATION: St. Lucie County, Florida; approximately 5.0 miles southwest of Ft. Pierce, about 3.5 miles southwest of Selvitz Road, about 0.3 miles west of Glades cut-off road, and about 200 feet north of canal; SE 1/4, SW 1/4, SW 1/4, Sec. 31, T. 35 S., R. 40 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 55 to 80 inches or more. Depth to the Bt horizon is more than 37 inches from the surface. Reaction ranges from extremely acid to strongly acid throughout.

The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1; or it is neutral with value of 2 to 4. Where value is 3 or less, thickness is less than 10 inches. Texture is fine sand or sand.

The E horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 5 to 8, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 5 to 8. A thin transitional horizon is present at the base of the E horizon in many pedons. Texture is fine sand or sand.

The Bh horizon has hue of 10YR to 5YR, value of 2 to 4, and chroma of 1 to 3; or it is neutral with value of 2. It is weakly to moderately cemented in 50 to 90 percent of the horizon. Sand grains are well coated. Some pedons have a lower Bh horizon that is noncemented and have the same range of colors and textures. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.

In some pedons, a Bw&Bh horizon is at the base of the Bh horizon. Where present, it has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. Fragments of Bh horizon range from few to common. Texture is sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand.

The Btg horizon has hue of 10YR to 5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 4 to 7. Redoximorphic features in shades of gray, yellow, brown, or red range from few to common. Texture is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy clay loam.

The E' horizon, where present, is between the Bh and Btg horizon. It has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 7, and chroma of 1 or 2; or it is neutral with value of 4 to 7. Texture is sand or fine sand.

The Cg horizon, where present, has colors similar to that of the Btg horizon. Textures range from sand to loamy fine sand.

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other known series in the same family.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Ankona soils are on broad flats and depressional areas in central and southern Florida. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. They formed in sandy and loamy marine sediments. The climate is humid subtropical. The annual average temperature ranges from 70 to 74 degrees F., and the annual average precipitation ranges from 50 to 60 inches.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These include the Basinger, Farmton, Lawnwood, Nettles, Oldsmar, Pepper, Salerno, Susanna, Tantile, Wabasso, and Waveland series. Basinger soils are on similar positions, have weakly expressed spodic horizons, and are sandy throughout. The poorly drained Farmton soils lack ortstein and are on similar to higher positions. The poorly drained Lawnwood and Pepper soils are on similar to slightly higher positions and have spodic horizons less than 30 inches from the surface. In addition, Lawnwood soils lack argillic horizons. Nettles and Oldsmar soils are on similar positions and have high base status in the argillic horizon. In addition, Oldsmar soils lack ortstein. The poorly drained Salerno soils are on similar to slightly higher positions, are more than 50 inches to the spodic horizon, and lack argillic horizons. The poorly drained Susanna and Tantile soils are on similar to higher positions and have A and E horizons less than 30 inches thick. In addition, the argillic horizon of the Susanna soil is less than 37 from the surface. Wabasso soils are on similar positions but lack ortstein. Waveland soils are on similar positions and are sandy throughout.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Very poorly and poorly drained; very slow or slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are in native woodland. A few areas are planted to tame pasture or used for urban development. The vegetation consists of longleaf pine, slash pine, saw palmetto, waxmyrtle, gallberry, fetterbush, creeping bluestem, chalky bluestem, lopsided Indiangrass, low panicums and pineland threeawn. Depressional areas are dominated by marsh vegetation consisting of maidencane, cutgrass, sand cordgrass, and St. Johns wort.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Peninsular Florida. The series is of moderate known extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Auburn, Alabama.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Osceola County, Florida; 1976.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon:

Ochric epipedon - zone from 0 to 38 inches (A1, A2, Eg1, Eg2, Eg3, and Eg4 horizons).

Albic horizon the zone from 11 to 38 inches (Eg1, Eg2, Eg3, and Eg4 horizons).

Spodic horizon the zone from 38 to 48 inches (Bh horizon).

Ortstein the zone from 38 to 48 inches is 50 to 65 percent weakly cemented (Bh horizon).

Argillic horizon the zone from 48 to 57 inches (Btg horizon).

Aquic condition - endosaturation.

Moderately extensive in situ saturated hydraulic conductivity studies in St. Lucie and surrounding counties show the spodic horizon to have permeability rates less than 0.20 inches/hr.

A water table is within depths of 6 to 18 inches for 1 to 4 months and at depths of 18 to 40 inches for 6 months or more in most years. Depressional areas are covered with standing water for 6 to 9 months in most years.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Characterization Data - S49-32-(1-9), S49-33-(1-10), S56-8-(1-9), S56-27-(1-9). Samples by the Soil Characterization Lab, IFAS, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.