LOCATION BAINTER IN

Established Series
Rev. RAB-TRZ-DAG
09/2012

BAINTER SERIES

The Bainter series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in loamy and sandy outwash on outwash plains and outwash terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 914 mm (36 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 10.0 degrees C (50 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Mollic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Bainter sandy loam, on a 0.5 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of 257 meters (843 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (9 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches) thick]

E--23 to 33 cm (9 to 13 inches); 90 percent brown (10YR 4/3) and 10 percent brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine and medium roots throughout; common very fine and fine vesicular and tubular pores; 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (6 inches) thick]

2Bt1--33 to 56 cm (13 to 22 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine to medium vesicular and tubular pores; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coatings in root channels and pores; 13 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt2--56 to 79 cm (22 to 31 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) coarse sandy loam; weak and moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine to medium vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 11 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt3--79 to 99 cm (31 to 39 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly coarse sandy loam; weak and moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine to medium vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; 29 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

2Bt4--99 to 112 cm (39 to 44 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine to medium vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/3) and dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and in pores; 12 percent gravel; neutral; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt5--112 to 137 cm (44 to 54 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots between peds; common very fine to medium vesicular and tubular pores; common distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; 14 percent gravel; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 inches).]

3C--137 to 203 cm (54 to 80 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4), pale brown (10YR 6/3), and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) coarse sand; single grain; loose; 13 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Elkhart County, Indiana; about 1 1/2 miles southeast of Benton; 2,520 feet north and 2,335 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 17, T. 35 N., R. 7 E.; USGS Lake Wawasee, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 29 minutes 14 seconds N. and long. 85 degrees 44 minutes 25 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 605161 easting and 4593617 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 10 to 18 percent clay

Ap, A, or AB horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 6 percent gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E, EB, BE, or BA horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam
Rock fragment content: 0 to 6 percent gravel
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, or sandy clay loam; gravelly analogues of these textures may be present in the lower part
Rock fragment content: 3 to 14 percent gravel in the upper part and 6 to 34 percent gravel in the lower part; 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly alkaline

BC horizon: (where present)
Texture: loamy sand or loamy coarse sand

3C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: coarse sand, loamy sand, or coarse sand, or their gravelly or very gravelly analogues
Sand content: averages more than 85 percent; coarse sand plus very coarse sand is more than 10 percent
Rock fragment content: 10 to 50 percent gravel and 0 to 5 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 30 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family. Similar soils that occur in the same MLRAs are the Billett and Desker series. Billett soils average less than 10 percent coarse sand plus very coarse sand in the lower part of the series control section. Desker soils are less than 102 cm (40 inches) to the base of the argillic horizon. These soils have a superactive cation-exchange activity class.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bainter soils are on broad swells on outwash plains and on treads of outwash terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Bainter soils formed in loamy or sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1016 mm (30 to 40 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.0 to 11.1 degrees C (50 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 130 to 180 days. Elevation is 177 to 466 meters (580 to 1,530 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brady, Bronson, and Gilford soils. The somewhat poorly drained Brady soils and the moderately well drained Bronson soils are on lower-lying swells. The very poorly drained Gilford soils are in depressions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is negligible to low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high in the solum and very high in the underlying material. Permeability is moderately rapid in the solum and very rapid in the underlying material.

USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are mostly used to grow corn, soybeans, and small grain. Some areas are used for pasture. Irrigation is commonly used on these soils. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood and prairie grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 98 and 111C in north-central Indiana. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elkhart County, Indiana, 1997.

REMARKS: This soil is considered as a probable source of sand and gravel. Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 33 cm (13 inches) (Ap, E horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 33 to 137 cm (13 to 54 inches) (2Bt horizon).

NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124241 represents the typical pedon.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 124242 represents the 1 to 4 percent slope phase.
NASIS Data Mapunit ID 401574 represents the 4 to 10 percent slope, eroded phase.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab characterization data is available for the typical pedon (S93IN-039-016) from the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.