LOCATION BATES KS+MO OK

Established Series
Rev. PRF-JGF-RGC
12/2020

BATES SERIES

The Bates series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils on interfluves and hillslopes. They formed in residuum weathered from sandstone of Pennsylvanian age which commonly contains thin beds of silty or sandy shale. Slope ranges from 1 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1143 mm (45 inches), and mean annual temperature is about 14 degrees C (57 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Typic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Bates loam, on a convex, 3 percent slope in rangeland, on a summit of an interfluve, at an elevation of 318 meters (1043 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine and medium granular structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; many fine roots throughout; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [18 to 36 cm (7 to 14 inches) thick]

BA--23 to 41 cm (9 to 16 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly plastic and slightly sticky; many fine roots throughout; few fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 1 percent pararock fragments of sandstone; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt--41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry, brown (7.5YR 4/4) crushed; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, plastic and sticky; few fine roots throughout; many thin discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; common medium distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; 3 percent fine pararock fragments of sandstone; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary. [13 to 46 cm (5 to 18 inches) thick]

BC--58 to 84 cm (23 to 33 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/4) dry, strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) crushed; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm; few fine roots throughout; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many fine black (10YR 2/1) manganese concretions in lower 5 cm (2 inches); strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 inches) thick]

Cr--84 to 94 cm (33 to 37 inches); fine-grained sandstone containing thin beds of silty shale.

TYPE LOCATION: Crawford County, Kansas; 2 miles northwest of Farlington; 3300 feet west and 1600 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 28 S., R. 23 E.; USGS Hiattville, Kansas topographic quadrangle; lat. 37 degrees 38 minutes 27 seconds N. and long. 94 degrees 50 minutes 35 seconds W.; UTM Zone 15, 337391 easting and 4167563 northing; NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to paralithic contact (sandstone or shale): 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 20 to 61 cm (8 to 24 inches)
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid throughout the solum

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2, 2.5, or 3, 3 to 5 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3 moist or dry
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 5 to 35 percent
Sand content: 20 to 75 percent
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent sandstone fragments less than 75 mm (3 inches) in diameter

BA horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2, 2.5 or 3, 3 to 5 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3 moist or dry
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, clay loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 5 to 35 percent
Sand content: 20 to 80 percent
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent sandstone fragments less than 75 mm (3 inches) in diameter

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 3 to 6 moist or dry
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, or clay loam
Clay content: 8 to 35 percent
Sand content: 20 to 80 percent
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 14 percent sandstone fragments less than 75 mm (3 inches) in diameter

BC horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5, 5 to 7 dry
Chroma: 4 to 6 moist or dry
Texture: loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam, or sandy loam, or their gravelly analogues
Clay content: 5 to 35 percent
Sand content: 20 to 80 percent
Pararock fragment content: 0 to 34 percent sandstone fragments less than 75 mm (3 inches) in diameter
Other feature: in some pedons this horizon has streaks or mottles with value of 4 or higher and chroma of 2 or less

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Portersprings series. Portersprings soils have sola more than 152 cm (60 inches) in thickness.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bates soils are on interfluves and hillslopes on plains. Slope ranges from 1 to 8 percent. The soils formed in residuum weathered from sandstone of Pennsylvanian age which commonly contains thin beds of silty or sandy shale. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 1143 mm (35 to 45 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 14 to 18 degrees C (57 to 64 degrees F). Elevation is 145 to 415 meters (475 to 1365 feet) above mean sea level. Thornthwaites Annual P-E Index ranges from 64 to 80.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Aliceville, Collinsville, Coweta, Dennis, Eram, and Lula soils. Aliceville and Lula soils are on adjacent areas underlain by limestone. Collinsville and Coweta soils are typically steeper and are less than 51 cm (20 inches) to bedrock. Dennis and Eram soils are on similar topographic positions as Bates soils, but have a fine-textured argillic horizon.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. Potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high (1.4 to 14 micrometers per second) or high (14 to 42 micrometers per second). Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: About equally divided between grassland and cultivated crops. Principal crops are wheat, soybeans, and grain sorghum. Native vegetation is prairie grasses, mainly big bluestem, little bluestem, and Indiangrass.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 76, 84A, 85, 87B, 118B and 112 in southeastern Kansas, eastern Oklahoma, and southwestern Missouri. The type location is in MLRA 112. The series is extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Bates County, Missouri, 1908.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 41 cm (16 inches) (A and BA horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 41 to 58 cm (16 to 23 inches) (Bt horizon).
Paralithic contact: Cr horizon at 84 cm (33 inches).

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data is available for the typical pedon (User Pedon ID 1973KS037001 or Lab Pedon Number 40A1828) from the Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE. Soil Interpretation Record: Series KS0007.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.