LOCATION BATTERY CA

Established Series
Rev: ACF/JPS/ET/JTW
07/2016

BATTERY SERIES

The Battery series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed sources. Battery soils are on uplifted, dissected terrace remnants and have slopes of 2 to 50 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 2160 millimeters (85 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (53 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, semiactive, isomesic Typic Palehumults

TYPICAL PEDON: Battery gravelly clay loam - on a convex north-facing slope of 25 percent under coast redwood, Douglas-fir, tanoak, red alder, Pacific rhododendron, California huckleberry, and western swordfern at 104 meters (340 feet) elevation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.) When described on June 12, 2005, the soil was moist throughout.

A1--0 to 19 centimeters (0 to 4 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly clay loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak very fine and fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots throughout; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 20 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.2); clear wavy boundary.

A2--19 to 32 centimeters (7 to 13 inches); dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; moderate very fine and weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, coarse, and very coarse roots throughout; common very fine, fine, and coarse tubular and common very fine and fine irregular pores; 15 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.4); clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 10 to 45 centimeters).

Bt1--32 to 64 centimeters (13 to 25 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly clay loam, light brown (7.5YR 6/4) dry; moderate medium and weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; moderately few very fine and common fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds and rock fragments; 25 percent gravel; strongly acid (pH 5.4); abrupt wavy boundary.

Bt2--64 to 100 centimeters (25 to 39 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam, yellow (10YR 7/6) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, and medium roots; common very fine, fine, and medium irregular pores; few distinct clay films on faces of peds and rock fragments; 20 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--100 to 138 centimeters (39 to 54 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam, yellow (10YR 7/6) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky, moderately plastic; moderately few fine and common very fine, medium, and very coarse roots; common fine tubular and common very fine and fine irregular pores; few distinct clay films on ped faces and rock fragments; 20 percent gravel; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); clear wavy boundary.

Bt4--138 to 179 centimeters (54 to 70 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) gravelly clay loam, yellow (10YR 7/6) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine, medium, and very coarse roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; few distinct clay films on ped faces and rock fragments; 20 percent gravel and 5 percent paragravel; very strongly acid (pH 5.0); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 75 to 150 centimeters).)

2C--179 to 200 centimeters (70 to 79 inches); 70 percent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) and 30 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) paragravelly clay loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry and reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/8) dry; massive; moderately hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and fine roots throughout; moderately few very fine and fine irregular pores; 10 percent gravel and 10 percent paragravels; very strongly acid (pH 5.0). (0 to 100 centimeters thick)

TYPE LOCATION: Jedediah Smith Redwoods State Park, Del Norte County, California; located approximately 50 feet upslope off Hwy 199; section 1, T. 16 N., R. 1 E., WGS84 Decimal degrees 41.8100556 latitude and
-124.1210278 longitude; HBLM, USGS Hiouchi Quadrangle; UTM Zone 10 406883mE 4629294mN; NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil moisture: The soil is usually moist in all parts of the soil moisture control section in most years. These soils have a udic soil moisture regime.

Soil temperature: The mean annual soil temperature is 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 55 degrees F). The difference between mean summer and mean winter temperature is 2 to 4 degrees C.

Organic matter: There are 12 to 20 kg of organic carbon per square meter to a depth of one meter.

Reaction is strongly to very strongly acid throughout. Base saturation is 15 to 35 percent at the critical depth.

Particle-Size Control Section (weighted average):

Rock fragments: 0 to 30 percent rounded gravel; 0 to 10 percent rounded paragravel; and 0 to 10 percent rounded cobbles.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.

A horizon

Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 4 dry and moist.

Texture of fine earth: loam, silt loam, or clay loam.
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent rounded gravel; 0 to 5 percent rounded cobbles.
0 to 15 percent paragravel
Clay content: 20 to 33 percent.
Bt horizon

Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y.
Value: 4 through 7 dry, 2 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 6 dry, 3 through 8 moist.

Texture of fine earth: silty clay loam, clay loam
Rock fragments: 0 to slightly moist30 percent rounded gravel, 0 to 10 percent rounded paragravel; 0 to 10 percent slightly moist rounded cobbles.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.

C horizon

Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y.
Value: 6 through 8 dry, 4 through 6 moist.
Chroma: 2 through 8 dry, 3 through 8 moist.

Texture of fine earth: clay loam.
Rock fragments: 0 to 40 percent rounded gravel, 0 to 50 percent rounded paragravel; 0 to 10 percent rounded cobbles, and 0 to 5 percent stones.
Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Coppercreek series. The Coppercreek soils have subangular fragments throughout.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Battery soils are on uplifted, dissected stream and strath terraces in hills and mountains. Slope gradients are 2 to 50 percent. Elevations are 17 to 280 meters (55 to 915 feet). These soils formed in alluvium from mixed sources. The climate is humid with cool, foggy summers and cool, wet winters. Mean annual precipitation is 1250 to 2290 millimeters (50 to 90 inches). Mean January temperature is about 9 degrees C; mean July temperature is about 14 degrees C; and the mean annual temperature is 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 55 degrees F). Frost-free season is about 240 to 300 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Catchings, Coppercreek, and Tarquin soils. Catchings soils have more than 35 percent rock fragment in their particle size control section. Coppercreek soils have subangular fragments throughout. Tarquin has redoximorphic features below 75 centimeters. The Catchings soils are found are linear to strongly convex slope positions alongside the Battery soils on very gravelly alluvium. Coppercreek soils are found above Battery soils on schist, sandstone, and mudstone. Tarquin soils are found in concave slope positions below the Battery soils. Where this soil is in the southern part of its range, it occurs with Scoutcamp and Redwoodhouse. Scoutcamp soils have less than 15 percent particles coarser than very fine sand in the particle size control section and occur on mountain slopes on siltstone. Redwoodhouse soils have greater than 35 percent base saturation by sum of cations in the lower part of the profile and occur on mountain slopes on sandstone and mudstone.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; medium to high runoff; Moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for timber production, wildlife, and watershed. Natural vegetation includes redwood, Douglas-fir, tanoak, western hemlock, Pacific madrone, Pacific rhododendron, and California huckleberry, and western swordfern.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Coastal Redwood Belt; MLRA 4B. The series is not extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Del Norte County, California, California 2005. The source of the name is from Battery Point, Crescent City, California.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

1. Ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 32 centimeters (A horizons).
2. Argillic horizon - the zone from 32 to 179 centimeters (Bt horizons).
3. Palehumult feature - clay percent does not decrease with depth.
4. Particle-size control section - the zone from 32 to 82 centimeters, averages 33 percent clay, by weight, and 20 percent rock fragments, by volume.

ADDITIONAL DATA:

Soil classified using the 12th Edition of the Keys to Soil Taxonomy.

NASIS User Pedon ID: 05CA605REDW071

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.