LOCATION BESNER TX+LAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, siliceous, semiactive, thermic Typic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Besner find sandy loam, on a mound, 2 percent slope in woodland; elevation is 64 m (210 ft) (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) fine sandy loam; weak medium granular structure; soft, very friable; slightly sticky and nonplastic; many fine, medium, and coarse roots; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (thickness is 5 to 18 cm [2 to 7 inches])
E1--5 to 23 cm (2 to 9 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; nonsticky and nonplastic; common fine, medium, and coarse roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E2--23 to 76 cm (9 to 30 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable; nonsticky and nonplastic; common medium and coarse roots; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the E horizon is 30 to 76 cm [12 to 30 inches])
Bt--76 to 114 cm (30 to 45 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam: weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; common fine roots; common fine pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; about 4 percent coatings of pale brown (10YR 6/3) albic material on surfaces of prisms; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (thickness is 0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 inches])
Bt/E1--114 to 183 cm (45 to 72 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; about 20 percent streaks, pockets, and coatings of very pale brown (10YR 7/3) albic material (E) on surfaces of prisms; about 20 percent of the matrix (Bt) is brittle; few medium prominent red (2.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (thickness is 38 to 64 cm [15 to 25 inches])
Bt/E2--183 to 203 cm (72 to 80 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable; few fine roots; common fine pores; sand grains coated and bridged with clay; about 20 percent streaks, pockets, and coatings of very pale brown (10YR 7/3) and light gray (10YR 7/2) albic material (E) on surfaces of prisms; about 15 percent of the matrix (Bt) is brittle; common medium distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Nacogdoches County, Texas; from South Loop 204 in Nacogdoches, about 8 miles south on US 59; 2 miles west on FR 2782; 1.2 miles west on Stephen F. Austin Experimental Forest road (280 feet west of pipeline); located about 20 feet south of road in woodland. (Latitude: 31 degrees, 30 minutes, 31.14 seconds N; Longitude: 94 degrees, 46 minutes, 26.4 seconds W. Lake Nacogdoches South USGS 7.5 minute Quadrangle, Texas, NAD 27).
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil Moisture: Udic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is moist in some or all parts for more than 30 cumulative days in normal years.
Mean annual soil temperature: 19 to 21 degrees C (66 to 70 degrees F)
Depth to albic materials: 36 to 94 cm (14 to 37 in)
Depth to albic horizon: 5 to 18 cm (2 to 7 in)
Depth to argillic horizon: 36 to 94 cm (14 to 37 in)
Depth to glossic horizon: 36 to 94 cm (14 to 37 in)
Depth to Endosaturation: 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in)
Thickness of the solum, > 200 cm (> 80 in)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 8 to 17 percent
A Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content: 4 to 15 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid (4.5 to 6.5) unless limed
E Horizon
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam
Clay content: 4 to 17 percent
Redox concentrations: none to common, shades of yellow, brown or gray
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid (3.6 to 6.5)
BE Horizon, where present
Hue: 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 6 or more
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid (3.6 to 6.5)
E/Bt Horizon, where present
Hue: (E) 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
(Bt part makes up 25 to 45 percent of the E/Bt horizon)
Hue: (Bt) 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam
Clay content: 4 to 18 percent
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid (3.6 to 6.5)
Bt and upper Bt/E Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 4 to 8
Texture: fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent
Clay films: on ped faces, faint
Brittleness: 0 to 20 percent in (Bt) parts
Albic materials (E parts) make up 5 to 35 percent of Bt/E horizon and make up 15 percent or more in one or more subhorizons of the Bt/E horizon
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid (3.6 to 6.5)
Lower Bt/E or E/Bt Horizon
Hue: 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
The horizon may have a variegated matrix of the above colors.
Texture: sandy loam, very fine sandy loam or loam (some pedons have sandy clay loam below a depth of 20 cm [50 in])
Clay content: 10 to 25 percent
Clay films: on ped faces, faint to distinct
Redox concentrations: few to common, shades of red, yellow or brown
Brittleness: 0 to 20 percent in (Bt) parts
Albic materials (E parts) make up 5 to 35 percent of Bt/E horizon and make up 15 percent or more in one or more subhorizons of the Bt/E horizon
Reaction: extremely acid to slightly acid (3.6 to 6.5)
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Keltys, and
Laska series and the closely related
Alazan,
Bernaldo,
Elysian,
Gallime,
Hicota,
Messer,
Multey and
Woden series.
Alazan, Bernaldo and Gallime soils: have a fine-loamy control section
Elysian soils: have a glossic horizon that is less than 20 inches thick Hicota soils have layers with more than 25 percent clay below a depth of 40 inches
Keltys soils: are in an oxyaquic subgroup
Laska soils: have a paralithic contact within 200 cm (80 in)
Messer soils: have a coarse-silty control section
Multey soils: have an Active CEC Activity Class
Woden soils: have an argillic horizon with hue redder than 7.5YR
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Pleistocene terraces derived from alluvium
Landscape: Coastal plain
Landform: Stream terraces
Slope: mainly 0 to 2 percent, range from 1 to 5 percent
Mean annual air temperature range: 12 to 14 degrees C (54 to 58 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation range: 1016 to 1270 mm (40 to 50 in)
Frost-free period: 240 to 260 days
Elevation: 55 to 137 m (180 to 450 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E indices: 66 to 80
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Alazan(TX),
Bernaldo(TX),
Attoyac(TX),
Gallime(TX),
Mollville(TX) and
Woden(TX) series.
Alazan, Bernaldo and Gallime soils: have a fine-loamy control section
Attoyac and Woden soils: have an argillic horizon with hue redder than 7.5YR and are on slightly higher positions in the landscape
Mollville soils: have a water table at 15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 in)
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Besner soils are well drained and moderately permeable. Runoff is negligible on slopes of 0 to 3 percent and very low on 3 to 5 percent slopes.
USE AND VEGETATION: Besner soils are used mainly for pastureland and forestland. Pastures are improved bermuda, common bermuda or bahiagrass that are commonly overseeded with various legumes including crimson clover, vetch or singletary peas. Native vegetation consists of loblolly and shortleaf pines mixed with various oaks and sweetgum trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: On the Western Coastal Plain in East Texas, Louisiana and possibly Arkansas (MLRA 133B); Land Resource Region: East Texas Timberlands; MLRA 133B; The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Nacogdoches County, Texas, 1976.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle size control section: 76 to 126 in. (B horizons)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 76 cm (0 to 30 in). (A and E horizons)
Argillic horizon: 76 to 203 cm (30 to 80 in). (Bt and Bt/E horizons)
Glossic horizon: 114 to 203 cm (45 to 80 in). (Bt/E horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: 114 to 203 cm (45 to 80 in). (Bt/E horizons)
Endosaturation: The zone of saturation at 100 to 150 cm (40 to 60 in). (Bt/E horizons)
Additional Comments:
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is supported by laboratory data number S93TX455002 from Trinity County, Texas.
ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL S67TEX-174-2