LOCATION BIGHEART OK+KS

Established Series
GFS Rev. ELG:JLD
01/2016

BIGHEART SERIES

The Bigheart series consists of shallow, well drained to somewhat excessively drained soils formed in material weathered from sandstone of Pennsylvanian age. Bigheart soils are on crests and upper side slopes of cuestas and hillslopes, in the North Cross Timbers (MLRA 84A). Slopes range from 1 to 45 percent. At the type location, mean annual air temperature is about 16 degrees C (60 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 970 mm (38 in).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, siliceous, active, thermic Lithic Eutrudepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Bigheart fine sandy loam in an oak forest with understory of native grasses, at an elevation of 300 m (985 ft). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) crushed, fine sandy loam; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable, slightly hard; many fine, common medium, and common coarse roots throughout; many fine and common very fine pores; 5 percent worm casts throughout; moderately acid, pH 5.7, Hellige-Truog; clear wavy boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 15 cm [2 to 6 in])

Bw1--13 to 28 cm (5 to 11 in); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) broken face, fine sandy loam; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable, slightly hard; many fine, common medium roots, and common coarse roots throughout; common very fine pores; 5 percent worm casts throughout; moderately acid, pH 6.0, Hellige-Truog; clear wavy boundary.

Bw2--28 to 38 cm (11 to 15 in); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) broken face, fine sandy loam; reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable slightly hard; common fine roots, common medium roots, and few coarse roots throughout; common fine and very fine pores; 5 percent worm casts throughout; 5 percent sandstone gravel; moderately acid, pH 6.0, Hellige-Truog; abrupt irregular boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 15 to 38 cm [6 to 15 in])

R--38 to 48 cm (15 to 19 in); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) strongly-cemented sandstone; very rigid, extremely hard.

TYPE LOCATION: Osage County, Oklahoma; about 14 miles northeast of Pawhuska; about 2,350 feet south and 1,100 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 23, T. 27 N., R. 10 E.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Herd, OK
Latitude: 36 degrees, 48 minutes, 15 seconds N
Longitude: 96 degrees, 12 minutes, 10 seconds W
Datum: NAD 1983

Decimal Degrees:
Latitude: 36.8041667
Longitude: -096.2027778
UTM Easting: 749550 m
UTM Northing: 4076799 m
UTM Zone: 14

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to lithic contact: 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 in) to sandstone bedrock

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 5 to 10 percent
Sand Content: 40 to 75 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 moist, 4 or 5 dry
Chroma: 1 to 3 moist or dry
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or gravelly fine sandy loam
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 25 percent; size-gravel; kind-sandstone
Effervescence: none
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 3 to 6 moist or dry
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, gravelly loam, or gravelly fine sandy loam
Coarse fragments: amount-0 to 25 percent; size-gravel; kind-sandstone
Effervescence: none
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

R horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma: 4 to 8 moist or dry
Bedrock kind: strongly cemented sandstone

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Similar soils are the Coweta and Collinsville soils.
Coweta soils: have a mollic epipedon, and paralithic contact within 51 cm (20 in)
Collinsville soils: have a lithic contact within 25 cm (10 in)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandstone of Pennsylvanian age
Landscape: uplands
Landform: crests and upper side slopes of cuestas and hill slopes
Slopes: 1 to 45 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 59 to 61 degrees F (15 to 16.1 degrees C)
Mean annual precipitation: 991 to 1067 mm (38 to 42 in)
Frost-free period: 181 to 240 days
Elevation: 244 to 320 m (800 to 1,050 ft)
Thornthwaite annual P-E Index Values: 64 to 75

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These soils are the Bartlesville, Niotaze, Prue, and Steedman series.
Bartlesville soils: are fine-loamy and occur on more gently sloping crests
Niotaze and Steedman soils: have a fine particle-size control section and occur on similar positions
Prue soils: are fine-loamy and occur on base slopes below the Bigheart soils

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: well drained to somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: rapid
Runoff: medium on 1 to 8 percent slopes, and rapid 8 to 45 percent slopes

USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly used for livestock grazing. Native vegetation is mainly post oak, blackjack oak, red oak, and hickory with an understory of big bluestem, switchgrass, Indiangrass, little bluestem, and beggars tick.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North Cross Timbers of Oklahoma and Kansas; LRR J, MLRA 84A. The series is extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Osage County, Oklahoma; 2004.

REMARKS:

This soil was previously included with the Darnell series.

Updated OSD as a result of the SDJR initiative (JLD 01/2016).

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 in)(A horizon)
Cambic horizon: 13 to 38 cm (5 to 15 in)(Bw horizons)
Lithic contact: 38 cm (15 in)(R horizon)

ADDITIONAL DATA: Kellogg Soil Survey Lab Pedon Nos. 08N0531 and 03N0234.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.